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CAREER: Anthropogenic litter reveals drivers of ecosystem processes in urban streams

职业：人为垃圾揭示城市溪流生态系统过程的驱动因素

基本信息

批准号：
1552825
负责人：
Timothy Hoellein
金额：
$ 60万
依托单位：
Loyola University of Chicago
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-07-01 至 2023-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1552825&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Anthropogenic litter reveals drivers

项目摘要

Accumulation of man-made trash in the oceans has received much public attention. Human trash includes plastic, fishing debris, and metal, which have negative effects on marine resources. For example, some trash can be ingested by organisms including birds and turtles, and plastic can break down into small particles that have unique toxic properties. The study of the origins, movement, and consumption of trash in the ocean has provided information about ocean currents and food webs. Research by this investigator has shown that trash in rivers can reach similar densities as in the oceans. However, the sources, movements, and influences on biological systems of human trash in rivers are unknown, and are needed to develop efficient prevention strategies and policies. Also, studying the ecology of trash in rivers may reveal previously unexplored controls on ecosystem structure and function. This study will be conducted in Chicago- and Baltimore-area rivers, and include students from high school, undergraduate, and graduate levels. Trash removal will be used by student teachers to develop lessons for teaching the scientific method across grade levels.This research will examine the ecosystem role of anthropogenic litter (AL) in 3 size classes by adapting fundamental tools used to measure communities of organisms and movement of organic matter. First, the role of large AL will be measured. Urban rivers typically have reduced channel complexity due to straightening and flood management. Large AL may act as an ?artificial reef,? providing habitat complexity and organic matter retention that is otherwise lacking, and thereby enhance biodiversity. Researchers will measure stream organism abundance at naturally occurring debris dams (i.e., wood) and at those generated by large AL. Next, this research will quantify interactions between AL and microbes. Bacteria, fungi, and algae carry out important biological activities in rivers, removing excess nutrients and providing food for insects and fish. Initial studies showed AL has unique microbial communities compared to natural surfaces. Experiments will test how microbes are affected by the structural and chemical properties of AL surfaces. Last, movement of intermediate-sized (e.g., shopping bags), and small AL (e.g., microplastic) will be examined. Initial research showed that AL in rivers is abundant and mobile, with some portion always moving downstream. Because AL attracts common toxic chemicals, its movement may be an overlooked pathway for delivery of toxins downstream and into food webs. This work will quantify inputs, outputs, and re-distribution of toxins on litter surfaces in urban streams.

海洋中人造垃圾的积累已经引起了公众的广泛关注。人类的垃圾包括塑料、渔获物和金属，对海洋资源有负面影响。例如，一些垃圾可以被包括鸟类和海龟在内的生物摄入，塑料可以分解成具有独特毒性的小颗粒。对海洋垃圾的起源、运动和消耗的研究提供了有关洋流和食物网的信息。这位研究人员的研究表明，河流中的垃圾可以达到与海洋相似的密度。然而，河流中人类垃圾的来源，运动和对生物系统的影响尚不清楚，需要制定有效的预防战略和政策。此外，研究河流中垃圾的生态学可能会揭示以前未探索的对生态系统结构和功能的控制。这项研究将在芝加哥和巴尔的摩地区的河流进行，包括高中，本科和研究生水平的学生。学生教师将使用垃圾清除来开发跨年级教学科学方法的课程。本研究将通过调整用于测量生物群落和有机物运动的基本工具，在3个大小的班级中研究人为垃圾（AL）的生态系统作用。首先，将衡量大型AL的作用。由于拉直和洪水管理，城市河流通常降低了河道复杂性。大型AL可以作为？人工鱼礁？提供原本缺乏的栖息地复杂性和有机物保留，从而增强生物多样性。研究人员将在自然发生的碎屑坝（即，接下来，这项研究将量化AL和微生物之间的相互作用。细菌、真菌和藻类在河流中进行重要的生物活动，去除多余的营养物质，为昆虫和鱼类提供食物。最初的研究表明，与自然表面相比，AL具有独特的微生物群落。实验将测试微生物如何受到铝表面的结构和化学性质的影响。最后，中等规模的运动（例如，购物袋），以及小AL（例如，微塑料）将被检查。初步研究表明，河流中的铝是丰富的和移动的，有一部分总是向下游移动。由于AL吸引常见的有毒化学物质，它的运动可能是一个被忽视的传递毒素下游和进入食物网的途径。这项工作将量化输入，输出，并在城市河流垃圾表面的毒素再分布。