Primary Emissions and Atmospheric Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Coal Combustion and Coal-Biomass Cofiring.

煤燃烧和煤-生物质混烧引起的一次排放和大气二次有机气溶胶的形成。

• 批准号: 1437933
• 负责人: Brent Williams
• 金额: $ 33.14万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-10-15 至 2018-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1437933&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Primary; Emissions; Atmospheric; Secondary; Organic

1437933WilliamsPrimary Emissions and Atmospheric Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Coal Combustion and Coal-Biomass Cofiring.It has been recently discovered that along with known emissions from coal combustion and coal-biomass cofiring (e.g., greenhouse gases, refractory particles), organic aerosol can also be directly emitted as primary organic aerosol or produced in the atmosphere as secondary organic aerosol from aging of volatile organic compounds emitted from inefficient combustion/pyrolysis processes. Atmospheric organic aerosols have a significant impact on human health and global climate, and increased emissions in developing nations will have transport-driven implications, even for those nations that have employed improved emissions technologies. Before a prediction can be made on the extent of future organic aerosol emissions, it is first required to understand associated particle formation mechanisms and secondary organic aerosol formation potential at a fundamental level across a range of fuels, combustion efficiencies, and photochemical atmospheric ages; this understanding is the objective of this project. To meet Missouri's need for increased science and engineering education (MO is an EPSCoR state), a novel STEM-based Peer Mentoring Pipeline Program will be established to activate Grade 6 through PhD level research and education of ambient air quality and control technologies. Research projects involving air sampling (using custom sampling kits) in the presence and absence of a control technology (portable air purifiers) and subsequent sample analysis, data processing, and reporting will educate all participants on the science, technology, and impact of pollution and control technologies. Here, students gain mentoring experience and observe the strength and impact of outreach activities, increasing their likelihood of incorporating these types of activities in their careers as they move up the mentoring pipeline. A new Peer Mentoring Pipeline Program for research and education on air quality and pollution control will be implemented for underrepresented youth in St. Louis schools. Research and outreach results will be broadly disseminated through: national conferences, student groups, and graduate/ undergraduate courses in Aerosol Science & Technology / Atmospheric Science / Climate / Thermodynamics, and results will be made publicly available through peer-reviewed publications.Objectives of this project are aimed at characterizing new particle formation mechanisms from combustion/pyrolysis of coal and coal-biomass mixtures, determining associated secondary organic aerosol formation potential and organic aerosol evolution in the atmosphere, and to increase education and awareness of the need for pollution control technologies. Methods involve a novel suite of lab-scale furnaces/flames operating together with a novel suite of chemical and physical measurements on gas and particle emissions for a range of fuels and combustion/pyrolysis conditions. Additionally, a photochemical reactor will be employed to test the secondary organic aerosol formation potential of emissions over a range of atmospheric ages. Models for new particle formation and atmospheric oxidative evolution will be constructed. At the conclusion of this project, metrics will be available for new particle formation in combustion/pyrolysis systems operating with various fuels and at various degrees of efficiency. Atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation potentials and regional/global climate impact will be better understood for a major global source of emissions that has not been previously investigated at this fundamental level, yet evidence for its strong environmental impact has already been observed and will continue to increase in developing regions of the world.

最近发现，沿着来自煤燃烧和煤-生物质共烧的已知排放物（例如，温室气体、难熔颗粒），有机气溶胶也可以作为初级有机气溶胶直接排放，或者作为次级有机气溶胶在大气中由低效燃烧/热解过程排放的挥发性有机化合物的老化产生。大气中的有机气溶胶对人类健康和全球气候有重大影响，发展中国家排放量的增加将对运输产生影响，即使对那些采用了改进排放技术的国家也是如此。在对未来有机气溶胶排放的程度进行预测之前，首先需要了解相关的颗粒形成机制和二次有机气溶胶形成的潜力，这些机制和潜力是在一系列燃料、燃烧效率和光化学大气年龄的基础上形成的;这是本项目的目标。为了满足密苏里州对增加科学和工程教育的需求（密苏里州是EPSCoR州），将建立一个新的基于STEM的同行指导管道计划，以激活6年级到博士水平的环境空气质量和控制技术的研究和教育。研究项目涉及在有和没有控制技术（便携式空气净化器）的情况下进行空气采样（使用定制采样工具包）以及随后的样本分析，数据处理和报告，将教育所有参与者了解科学，技术以及污染和控制技术的影响。在这里，学生获得指导经验，并观察外展活动的强度和影响，增加他们的可能性，将这些类型的活动在他们的职业生涯，因为他们向上移动的辅导管道。将为圣路易斯学校中代表性不足的青年实施一项新的同伴指导管道计划，用于空气质量和污染控制的研究和教育。研究和推广成果将通过以下方式广泛传播：全国会议、学生团体和气溶胶科学&技术/大气科学/气候/热力学方面的研究生/本科生课程，并将通过同行评审的出版物向公众提供研究结果。确定相关的二次有机气溶胶形成潜力和大气中有机气溶胶的演变，并加强对污染控制技术的必要性的教育和认识。方法涉及一套新的实验室规模的炉/火焰一起操作的一套新的化学和物理测量的气体和颗粒排放的燃料和燃烧/热解条件的范围。此外，还将采用光化学反应器来测试排放物在一系列大气年龄范围内形成二次有机气溶胶的可能性。将建立新粒子形成和大气氧化演变的模型。在该项目结束时，将提供使用各种燃料和不同效率的燃烧/热解系统中新颗粒形成的指标。大气二次有机气溶胶形成潜力和区域/全球气候影响将得到更好的了解，因为这是一个全球主要排放源，以前没有在这一基本水平上进行过调查，但已经观察到其强烈环境影响的证据，并将在世界发展中区域继续增加。

项目成果

Development and qualification of a VH-TDMA for the study of pure aerosols

• DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2018.1547358
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: Aerosol Science and Technology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Christopher R. Oxford;Charles M. Rapp;Yang Wang-;Purushottam Kumar;Daniel Watson;J. Portelli;Eric A. Sussman;Steven Dhawan;Jingkun Jiang;B. Williams

Formation of Nitrogen-Containing Organic Aerosol during Combustion of High-Sulfur-Content Coal

高硫煤燃烧过程中含氮有机气溶胶的形成

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02273
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Energy & Fuels
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Wang, Xiaofei;Wang, Hanliu;Jing, He;Wang, Wei-Ning;Cui, Weidong;Williams, Brent J.;Biswas, Pratim
• 通讯作者: Biswas, Pratim

Assessing the degree of plug flow in oxidation flow reactors (OFRs): a study on a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-11-1741-2018
• 发表时间: 2017-11
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Dhruv Mitroo;Yujian Sun;D. Combest;Purushottam Kumar;B. Williams

Bulk and molecular-level characterization of laboratory-aged biomass burning organic aerosol from oak leaf and heartwood fuels

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-2199-2018
• 发表时间: 2018-02-15
• 期刊: ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Fortenberry, Claire F.;Walker, Michael J.;Williams, Brent J.
• 通讯作者: Williams, Brent J.

A technique for rapid source apportionment applied to ambient organic aerosol measurements from a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG)

一种快速来源分配技术，应用于热解吸气溶胶气相色谱仪 (TAG) 的环境有机气溶胶测量

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-5637-2016
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Zhang, Yaping;Williams, Brent J.;Goldstein, Allen H.;Docherty, Kenneth S.;Jimenez, Jose L.
• 通讯作者: Jimenez, Jose L.