IDBR: Type A. Photovoltaics allow ultra-miniaturized, long-life, wildlife tags

康奈尔大学（Cornell University）获得了一项奖励，以资助一项研究，该研究旨在通过开发新一代重量轻但功能强大的标签，大幅增加可以跟踪和监测的脊椎动物物种的种类和数量。康奈尔大学的TABER（动物生物学和环境研究技术）小组的工作就像一个现实生活中的工程专业学生项目团队。在这个项目的过程中，首席研究员和专业工程师将与至少12名工科学生互动，他们将与生物学家和专业工程师互动，设计和生产设备，这些设备将立即应用于回答有关野生动物生物学和保护的现实问题。这将给学生一个独特的机会，让他们的设计努力在康奈尔大学之外有所作为。由于传播计划的结构，每一个新设计的推出都是世界各地科学家合作研究的一部分，这种使用在基础和应用生物学和生态学以及世界范围内潜在用户和合作者之间的“口耳相传”循环中都有更广泛的影响。一名研究生将获得资助，通过制作多用途板，在Seeed Studio上分发，以及传感器设计和建造技术的教学材料，使环境传感器能够广泛地应用于广大受众。项目进展的消息将尽可能通过工程学院、农业学院和生命科学学院以及康奈尔鸟类学实验室的教育和多媒体小组的高效沟通网络传递。通过开发通用可编程标签（GPT）和数字旋转门标签（DTT），该项目将扩展极长寿命标签的极限。GPT的功能很像传统的寻呼机标签，遥测数据的能力有限，但体积小（约0.4克），寿命比大多数鸟类都长。在标签设计和天线放置方面的改进建议将大大减少鸟类佩戴标签的问题，并且建议的信息基础设施将跟随标签从编程到部署，应该使标签id数据对所有用户都具有高度功能性和可靠性。这种标签有可能彻底改变鸟类迁徙和分散研究的实时监测。提议的数字地面电视的质量将下降到1g，而且，尽管它最初将被优化为收集太阳地理定位数据，但同样的平台可以用于一个开放式的鸟上实验室平台的极其广泛的传感应用。在地理定位功能方面，DTT将利用地理定位记录仪最近取得的所有进展，并通过在一个非常小的包中消除重复捕获数据恢复的要求，大大扩展了该技术可以应用的物种范围。

An award is made to Cornell University to fund a dramatic increase in the kinds and numbers of vertebrate species that can be tracked and monitored by the development of a new generation of lightweight yet highly functional tags. The work of the TABER (Technology for Animal Biology and Environmental Research) group at Cornell is like a real-life project team for engineering students. In the course of this project, the principal investigator and professional engineers will interact with at least a dozen engineering students, and they will interact with biologists and professional engineers in designing and producing devices that will be applied immediately to answer real-world questions about wildlife biology and conservation. This will give students a distinctive chance to have their design efforts make a difference outside Cornell. Because of the structure of the dissemination plan, the roll out of each new design is part of the research of collaborating scientists around the world, and this use has broader impacts in both basic and applied biology and ecology and "word of mouth" circulation among potential users and collaborators world-wide. A graduate student will be funded to make environmental sensors available to a very wide audience by producing multi-purpose boards to be distributed on Seeed Studio, along with instructional materials on sensor design and construction techniques. News of the project's progress will be passed whenever possible through a network of highly effective communication colleagues in the Colleges of Engineering and Agriculture and Life Sciences and the Education and Multimedia groups at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology.Through the development of a General-purpose Programmable Tag (GPT) and a Digital Turnstile Tag (DTT), this project will extend the limits of how small extremely long-lived tags can be. The GPT functions much like traditional beeper tags, with limited abilities to telemeter data, but small size (ca. 0.4 g) and a lifespan longer than that of most birds. Proposed improvements in tag design and antenna placement should dramatically decrease problems for birds wearing the tags, and the proposed information infrastructure that will follow the tags from programming to deployment should make the tag id data highly functional and reliable for all users. This tag has the potential to revolutionize the real-time monitoring of bird migration and the study of dispersal. The proposed DTT would decline to as little as 1 g in mass, and, though it will be optimized to collect solar geolocation data at first, the same platform could be used for an extremely broad array of sensing applications in an open-ended Lab-on-a-Bird platform. In its geolocation function, the DTT would leverage all the progress that has been made recently with geolocation loggers and extend dramatically the range of species to which the technology can be applied by removing the requirement for repeat capture for data recovery in a very small package.