SBE: Medium: User-Centric Design of a Sonification System for Automatically Alarming Security Threats and Impact

互联网已经成为日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。互联网的巨大好处也伴随着潜在的风险、安全问题和隐私问题。互联网安全产品通常用于通知用户安全事件。使用这些安全产品有三个主要问题：(1)这些工具经常以大量的功能淹没用户，使其可用性成为一个严重的问题；(2)这些工具并不总是对每一种类型的用户都可用，例如那些视力受损的用户；(3)大多数互联网用户不熟悉各种类型的安全威胁及其影响。该项目将安全警告和威胁转换为各种形式的声音。引入的以用户为中心的发音接受安全警告，并将与潜在安全威胁相关的风险和后果绘制成某种类型的声音，反映出对威胁造成的潜在风险和伤害的情感感受。该项目建立了一个声音储存库，用它们的情感影响标记，如恐惧、快乐和悲伤。该项目还建立了第二个安全威胁存储库，这些威胁带有类似的情感影响，如担心丢失敏感信息、冒充和隐私暴露。该项目的智力优势包括引入以用户为中心的发音框架，在该框架中，网络威胁及其对用户的风险、严重性和影响被绘制成反映该威胁对用户的情感影响的具有代表性的声音。发声的安全警告经过广泛的可用性测试，以评估发声的安全威胁的有效性。这个可听化项目的更广泛的影响包括引入两个可能的声音和安全攻击的储存库，这些声音和安全攻击带有它们的情感影响。构建的存储库可用于音乐和计算机安全行业，如亚马逊、反病毒软件开发商和主要Web浏览器的制造商。基于发声的将安全警告转换为声音的技术可以集成到任何流行的互联网Web浏览器中。该项目将对提高视障互联网用户可访问性的技术的发展产生直接影响，并将提高他们的互联网安全。

The Internet has become an integral part of everyday life. The great benefits of the Internet also come with potential risks, security issues, and privacy concerns. Internet security products are usually employed to inform users about security incidents. There are three major problems using these security products: (1) these tools often overwhelm users with a great many features making their usability a serious issue, (2) these tools are not always accessible to every type of user such as those who are visually impaired, and (3) most of the Internet users are unfamiliar with various types of security threats and thus their impacts.This project translates security warnings and threats into various forms of sounds. The introduced user-centric sonification takes a security warning and maps out the risks and consequences associated with the underlying security threat into a certain type of sound that reflects the emotional feelings of the potential risks and harm caused by the threat. The project builds a repository of sounds tagged with their emotional impacts such as fear, happiness, and sadness. The project also builds a second repository of security threats tagged with similar emotional impacts such as fear of loss of sensitive information, impersonation, and privacy exposure. The intellectual merit of this project includes introduction of a user-centric sonification framework in which a cyber threat, along with its risks, severities, and impacts to users, is mapped out to a representative sound that reflects the emotional impacts of the threat to the user. The sonified security warnings undergo extensive usability testing in order to assess the effectiveness of the sonified security threats. The broader impact of this sonification project includes introduction of two repositories of possible sounds and security attacks tagged with their emotional impacts. The constructed repositories can be useful for music and computer security industries such as Amazon, anti-virus software developers, and producers of major Web browsers. The sonification-based technology for translating security warnings to sounds can be integrated into any popular Internet Web browsers. The project will have direct impact on the development of technologies that enhance accessibility for Internet users who are visually impaired and will increase their Internet safety.