SBE: Medium: User-Centric Design of a Sonification System for Automatically Alarming Security Threats and Impact

互联网已经成为日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。互联网的巨大好处也伴随着潜在的风险、安全问题和隐私问题。通常使用网络安全产品来通知用户有关安全事件。使用这些安全产品有三个主要问题：(1)这些工具的许多功能常常使用户不堪重负，使它们的可用性成为一个严重的问题；(2)这些工具并不总是适合所有类型的用户，例如那些视力受损的用户；(3)大多数互联网用户不熟悉各种类型的安全威胁及其影响。这个项目将安全警告和威胁转换成各种形式的声音。引入的以用户为中心的声音处理安全警告，并将与潜在安全威胁相关的风险和后果映射到某种类型的声音中，这种声音反映了对潜在风险和威胁造成的伤害的情感感受。该项目建立了一个声音库，标记了它们的情绪影响，如恐惧、快乐和悲伤。该项目还构建了第二个安全威胁存储库，这些安全威胁带有类似的情感影响，例如担心丢失敏感信息、冒充和隐私暴露。该项目的智力价值包括引入以用户为中心的声音化框架，在该框架中，网络威胁及其风险、严重性和对用户的影响被映射为反映威胁对用户情感影响的代表性声音。为了评估安全威胁的有效性，对安全警告进行了广泛的可用性测试。这个声音化项目的广泛影响包括引入两个可能的声音和安全攻击库，并标记其情感影响。构建的存储库对于音乐和计算机安全行业（如Amazon）、反病毒软件开发人员和主要Web浏览器的生产者非常有用。将安全警告转换为声音的基于声音的技术可以集成到任何流行的Internet Web浏览器中。该项目将对提高视障互联网用户可及性的技术发展产生直接影响，并将提高他们的互联网安全。

The Internet has become an integral part of everyday life. The great benefits of the Internet also come with potential risks, security issues, and privacy concerns. Internet security products are usually employed to inform users about security incidents. There are three major problems using these security products: (1) these tools often overwhelm users with a great many features making their usability a serious issue, (2) these tools are not always accessible to every type of user such as those who are visually impaired, and (3) most of the Internet users are unfamiliar with various types of security threats and thus their impacts.This project translates security warnings and threats into various forms of sounds. The introduced user-centric sonification takes a security warning and maps out the risks and consequences associated with the underlying security threat into a certain type of sound that reflects the emotional feelings of the potential risks and harm caused by the threat. The project builds a repository of sounds tagged with their emotional impacts such as fear, happiness, and sadness. The project also builds a second repository of security threats tagged with similar emotional impacts such as fear of loss of sensitive information, impersonation, and privacy exposure. The intellectual merit of this project includes introduction of a user-centric sonification framework in which a cyber threat, along with its risks, severities, and impacts to users, is mapped out to a representative sound that reflects the emotional impacts of the threat to the user. The sonified security warnings undergo extensive usability testing in order to assess the effectiveness of the sonified security threats. The broader impact of this sonification project includes introduction of two repositories of possible sounds and security attacks tagged with their emotional impacts. The constructed repositories can be useful for music and computer security industries such as Amazon, anti-virus software developers, and producers of major Web browsers. The sonification-based technology for translating security warnings to sounds can be integrated into any popular Internet Web browsers. The project will have direct impact on the development of technologies that enhance accessibility for Internet users who are visually impaired and will increase their Internet safety.