Coastal SEES Collaborative Research: Integration of human behavior and perception into a risk-based microbial water quality management approach

接触与废水有关的病原体在全世界每年造成数百万例疾病和120亿美元的经济负担。由于世界上90%的家庭废水未经消毒就进入了环境，沿海海滩经常受到废水的污染，这可能会严重影响在海滩游泳和玩耍的人的健康。尽管科学取得了进步，但沿海水质监测方法依赖于过时的合规做法，无法准确识别公共健康风险。该项目将直接测量病原体浓度，并确定使个人面临因沿海用水而患病风险的行为。这些风险将从文化和生物学的角度进行量化和评估，随后用于建议有利于人类健康和沿海生态系统可持续性的社会变革。这项创新的研究将通过确定可能使人们接触废水中的病原体的做法，改进热带地区可持续的水管理方法，并建议经济和社会上可行的干预措施，将人类健康风险降到最低，从而推进NSF沿海see项目的目标。该项目将涉及许多不同的利益相关者，包括社区成员、国家政府和国际组织，以便有效地开始改善沿海水域管理。社区和K-12教育将通过创建双语、沿海水质模块来促进，致力于改善水质的跨学科研究社区将通过培养3名研究生、12名本科生和1名博士后研究员来扩大。该项目是第一个利用整体水管理方法（结合卫生调查、有针对性的水质分析和定量微生物风险评估）表征微生物水质和相关疾病风险的项目，该方法结合了人种学和流行病学研究，为微生物风险评估提供信息和验证。除了简单的终点风险评估之外，研究人员还将使用探索性的定量微生物风险评估来展示如何在适当的技术和社会干预下，提高当地对沿海娱乐风险的理解和建立知识，从而改善当地、区域甚至全球的微生物水质管理和公共卫生。与确定的政府和非政府利益攸关方合作，建议的社会变革将战略性地传达给地方和区域的个人。该项目以哥斯达黎加一个受污染的海滩为模型系统，通过确定热带地区家庭污水污染指标，实施一种新兴的整体水质管理方法，并结合人类活动和认知在减轻微生物致病风险方面发挥的关键作用，为加强全球沿海微生物水管理提供战略。

Exposure to wastewater-related pathogens results in millions of cases of illness and an economic burden of 12 billion USD annually worldwide. Since 90 percent of the world's household wastewater enters the environment without being disinfected, coastal beaches are often polluted by wastewater, which can greatly impact the health of people that swim and play at the beach. Despite scientific advancements, coastal water quality monitoring approaches rely on outdated compliance practices that do not accurately identify public health risks. This project will directly measure pathogen concentrations and identify behaviors that put individuals at risk of illness from coastal water use. These risks will be quantified and assessed from cultural and biological perspectives, and subsequently used to recommend societal changes that promote benefits to human health and the sustainability of coastal ecosystems. This innovative study will advance the goals of the NSF Coastal SEES program by identifying practices that might expose people to pathogens in wastewater, improving sustainable water management approaches in the tropics, and recommending economically- and socially-feasible interventions to minimize human health risks. This project will engage many different stakeholders including community members, national governments, and international organizations in order to effectively initiate improvements in coastal water management. Community and K-12 education will be promoted through the creation of bilingual, coastal water quality modules and the interdisciplinary research community dedicated to improving water quality will be expanded through the training of three graduate students, twelve undergraduate students, and one postdoctoral researcher. This project is the first to characterize microbial water quality and associated risk of illness using a holistic water management approach (combination of sanitary surveys, targeted water quality analyses, and quantitative microbial risk assessment), which incorporates ethnographic and epidemiological studies to inform and validate microbial risk assessments. Going beyond simple, end-point risk assessments, the researchers will use exploratory quantitative microbial risk assessment to demonstrate how advancing local understanding and building knowledge regarding risk from coastal recreation can, when coupled with appropriate technological and social interventions, improve microbial water quality management and public health at a local, regional, and even global level. In collaboration with identified governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, the recommended societal changes will be strategically communicated to individuals locally and regionally. Using a polluted Costa Rican beach as a model system, this project will provide strategies to enhance coastal microbial water management worldwide by identifying improved household-wastewater pollution indicators for tropical regions, implementing an emerging holistic approach to water quality management, and incorporating the critical roles that human activities and perception play in mitigating microbial risk of illness.