Rapid proposal: Fires and floods: Acquisition and analysis of perishable data on the sustainability of reservoirs following wildfires

快速提案：火灾和洪水：野火后水库可持续性的易腐数据的获取和分析

• 批准号: 1600016
• 负责人: Desiree Tullos
• 金额: $ 8.31万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-11-01 至 2016-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1600016&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rapid; proposal; Fires; floods; Acquisition

Desiree D. Tullos A RAPID grant situation has been generated by the fire-flood regime being experienced in the Western U.S. The combination of the extensive burns from 2015 wildfires, followed by the forecasted severity of precipitation under the "monster" el nino season ahead, is expected to generate substantial failure and erosion of hillslopes, resulting in more severe sediment yields at times that are difficult to predict. These sediment loads may generate important impacts to reservoirs and water distribution systems, though these potential impacts are not well understood. As the severity and extent of wildfires and floods are forecasted to increase in the future, the need for advancing understanding on and modeling of post-fire flooding impacts to water infrastructure is urgent. The objective of this project is to collect perishable data that will lead to understanding if, how, and where sediment delivered from burned and flooded basins may reduce the functional life of reservoirs. Given that the rainy season typically begins in late November to late December, this is a time sensitive and field intensive study, and the PIs will deploy teams rapidly to document the real-time responses to fires and floods. The scope of activities includes: a) estimate the relative and absolute yields of sediment throughout a wet water year following extensive burning, distinguishing sediment delivered from burned and unburned tributaries in the Mad River basin, California, to establish sedimentation generation rates associated with fire, b) survey bathymetry of and sediment cores from Ruth Reservoir prior to and following the flood season to calculate short-term sedimentation rates associated with burned and unburned areas, and c) apply models of trap efficiency and reservoir capacity to calculate long-term sedimentation rates due to precipitation alone and due to wildfires-flood scenarios. Results will 1) provide evidence on the processes responsible for and the timeline at which reservoir capacity may be impacted by the changing fire-flood regime; 2) demonstrate a methodology, and preliminary data, for conducting this research across geographical scales; and 3) develop data necessary to developing regionally-specific models (e.g. debris flow thresholds and sediment yield decay) that are widely used by managers in mapping and communicating post-fire hazards. This project will impact society by 1) advancing knowledge on wildfire-flood impacts on water infrastructure, 2) developing that can be applied in future studies to advance models and understanding on the landscape-scale processes and interactions that lead a basin to be more sensitive to post-fire sediment generation now and in the future, 3) contribute to national database on reservoir sedimentation to support national-scale, synthetic reservoir sedimentation studies; and 4) supporting planning for the long-term delivery of water to communities serviced by the study reservoir.

德西蕾·D Tullos美国西部经历的火灾洪水制度产生了快速的赠款情况2015年野火的广泛燃烧，随后是预测的“怪物”厄尔尼诺季节下的降水严重程度，预计将产生大量的山坡失败和侵蚀，导致更严重的泥沙产量在难以预测的时候。这些沉积物负荷可能对水库和配水系统产生重要影响，尽管这些潜在影响尚不清楚。由于野火和洪水的严重性和范围预计将在未来增加，迫切需要提高对火灾后洪水对水基础设施影响的理解和建模。该项目的目标是收集易腐数据，从而了解从燃烧和淹没的盆地输送的沉积物是否、如何以及在何处可能减少水库的功能寿命。鉴于雨季通常在11月底至12月底开始，这是一项时间敏感且现场密集的研究，PI将迅速部署团队来记录对火灾和洪水的实时响应。活动范围包括：a）估算大面积燃烧后整个湿水年中沉积物的相对和绝对产量，区分来自加州马德河流域燃烧和未燃烧支流的沉积物，以确定与火灾相关的沉积物生成速率，B）在洪水季节前后对鲁思水库的水深和沉积物岩心进行测量，以计算短期-与燃烧和未燃烧地区相关的长期沉积速率，以及c）应用陷阱效率和水库容量模型来计算单独由于降水和野火洪水情景造成的长期沉积速率。结果将1）提供证据的过程负责和时间轴，水库容量可能会受到不断变化的火灾洪水制度的影响; 2）演示的方法，和初步数据，进行跨地理尺度的研究;以及3）开发开发区域特定模型所需的数据管理人员在绘制火灾后危害图和通报火灾后危害时广泛使用的其他参数（如泥石流阈值和沉积物产量衰减）。该项目将通过以下方式对社会产生影响：1）增进关于野火洪水对水基础设施影响的知识，2）开发可应用于未来研究的模型，并了解导致流域现在和未来对火灾后沉积物生成更加敏感的大规模过程和相互作用，3）促进国家水库沉积数据库，以支持国家规模，综合水库沉积研究;以及4）支持向研究水库服务的社区长期供水的规划。