Grading at german universities from the 1960 until today. Trends, differences, causes.

从 1960 年至今德国大学的评分。

• 批准号: 223601637
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Volker Müller-Benedict
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Sozial- und Bildungsökonomik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/223601637?language=en
• 关键词: Grading; german; universities; 1960; until

Grades serve as indicators of merit, and provide therefore signs for individual and institutional promotion. Thereby the question emerges, if and which systematic causes beyond the merit dimension may influence grades. When e.g. the level of grades constantly rises (grade inflation), grades at diverse times cannot be compared. The many variables which may influence grades have different time horizons: university system organisation (e.g. public vs. private provision) is long-term oriented, overcrowding vs. lack of students in academic fields changes every 15-20 years, a generation of professors lasts around 30 years, politically induced financing stretches only over a couple of years. Therefore, a long-term perspective is necessary. The aim of the project is the analysis of a) the movement of grades in selected fields at a number of universities since the foundation of the FRG and in full since 1998, b) the context of these movement in relation of appropriate economic, regional, university-specific and field-specific indicators, c) the norms graders at universities apply and the relation to the outcomes of a) and b). Whereas the already financed two years were mostly directed at the compilation and tailoring of the data the here proposed third year shall be concentrating on the analysis of the now accumulated extended set of information and the following publications based on that.

成绩是绩效指标，因此为个人和机构晋升提供标志。因此，问题出现了，除了优点维度之外，是否以及哪些系统原因可能会影响成绩。当例如成绩水平不断上升（成绩膨胀），不同时期的成绩无法进行比较。可能影响成绩的许多变量具有不同的时间范围：大学系统组织（例如公立与私立）是长期导向的，学术领域的过度拥挤与学生缺乏每15-20年就会发生变化，一代教授的任期约为30年，政治诱导的融资仅持续几年。因此，需要有长远的眼光。该项目的目的是分析 a) 自联邦德国成立以来以及自 1998 年以来的全部大学选定领域的成绩变动，b) 这些变动与适当的经济、区域、大学特定和特定领域指标相关的背景，c) 大学评分者适用的规范以及与 a) 和 b) 结果的关系。虽然已经资助的两年主要用于数据的汇编和剪裁，但此处提议的第三年应集中于对目前积累的扩展信息集的分析以及基于此的后续出版物。