SUSCHEM: Effects of renewable biofuels on soot concentrations and soot particle nanostructure
SUSCHEM:可再生生物燃料对烟灰浓度和烟灰颗粒纳米结构的影响
基本信息
- 批准号:1604983
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 33万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2016
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2016-07-01 至 2019-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
1604983 - McEnallyBiofuels can potentially meet America's energy needs and they are a domestic source of energy that lessens dependence on imported oil. They are green fuels that can reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide. Most importantly for this project, they emit smaller amounts of most pollutants when burned, especially soot particles. Soot emissions contribute to particulate loadings in the atmosphere that produce chronic health effects and cause millions of deaths worldwide each year. Moreover, soot particles absorb sunlight and directly heat the atmosphere; recent evidence suggests they are the second largest contributor to global warming. This project will generate fundamental combustion data that engineers can use to design cleaner-burning devices and that policymakers can use to select the biofuels that offer the greatest benefits.More specifically, the combustion behavior of biofuels will be studied by adding them in small amounts to a baseline methane flame, then measuring the subsequent changes in species concentrations and particle properties. This fuel perturbation strategy allows all of the biofuels to be studied under the same combustion conditions, such that their propensity to form soot particles and other pollutants can be directly compared. Thus the measurements will produce a direct ranking of the emission benefits of potential biofuels. Furthermore, the fuel perturbation strategy requires only very small samples for testing, which is critical since fuels are often only available in limited quantities during the development phase. A good example are biodiesel fuels that will be generated from algal oils in milliliter quantities by another research group at Yale. Particle concentrations in the flames will be measured by laser-induced incandescence and color-ratio pyrometry. Particle size and morphology will be measured by collecting particles on thermophoretic probes and then analyzing them with electron microscopy and other surface science techniques. Species concentrations will be measured by extracting gas samples with a microprobe and then analyzing them with on-line photoionization mass spectrometry. The species results will provide insight into the oxidation and pollutant formation mechanisms for the biofuels, and serve as data for validating computer simulations of these mechanisms. A general understanding of these mechanisms will help identify which of the many possible biofuels have the most attractive properties, and computer simulations will lead to design tools that can be used by practicing engineers.
生物燃料可以潜在地满足美国的能源需求,它们是减少对进口石油依赖的国内能源来源。它们是绿色燃料,可以减少二氧化碳的净排放量。对于这个项目来说,最重要的是,它们在燃烧时排放的大多数污染物,尤其是烟灰颗粒,都更少。烟尘排放增加了大气中的微粒负荷,对健康产生慢性影响,每年在全世界造成数百万人死亡。此外,煤烟颗粒吸收阳光,直接加热大气;最近的证据表明,它们是造成全球变暖的第二大因素。这个项目将产生基本的燃烧数据,工程师可以使用这些数据来设计更清洁的燃烧设备,政策制定者可以使用这些数据来选择提供最大效益的生物燃料。更具体地说,生物燃料的燃烧行为将通过将少量生物燃料添加到基线甲烷火焰中,然后测量物种浓度和颗粒特性的后续变化来研究。这种燃料扰动策略允许在相同的燃烧条件下研究所有生物燃料,这样就可以直接比较它们形成烟灰颗粒和其他污染物的倾向。因此,这些测量将产生潜在生物燃料排放效益的直接排名。此外,燃料扰动策略只需要非常小的样品进行测试,这是至关重要的,因为在开发阶段,燃料通常只有有限的数量。一个很好的例子是,耶鲁大学的另一个研究小组将以毫升为单位从藻类油中生产生物柴油燃料。火焰中的颗粒浓度将通过激光诱导白炽灯和色比高温法测量。粒子的大小和形态将通过在热电泳探针上收集粒子,然后用电子显微镜和其他表面科学技术对它们进行分析来测量。物种浓度将通过用微探针提取气体样品,然后用在线光电离质谱法分析来测量。物种结果将为生物燃料的氧化和污染物形成机制提供深入的见解,并作为验证这些机制的计算机模拟的数据。对这些机制的一般理解将有助于确定许多可能的生物燃料中哪一种具有最吸引人的特性,计算机模拟将导致可供实践工程师使用的设计工具。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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科研奖励数量(0)
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Charles McEnally其他文献
Charles McEnally的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Charles McEnally', 18)}}的其他基金
Nitrogenated Hydrocarbon Cross-Product Formation during Combustion of Ammonia Co-Fired with Regular Hydrocarbons
氨与常规碳氢化合物共烧过程中氮化碳氢化合物副产物的形成
- 批准号:
2210894 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 33万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
I-Corps: Flame Luminosity Analyzer for Measuring Sooting Tendency of Fuels
I-Corps:用于测量燃料烟灰倾向的火焰光度分析仪
- 批准号:
1806146 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 33万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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