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Functional Carbon Surfaces for Stable Passivation of Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes

用于钠离子电池电极稳定钝化的功能碳表面

基本信息

批准号：
1607991
负责人：
Maureen Tang
金额：
$ 32.17万
依托单位：
Drexel University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-07-01 至 2020-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1607991&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Functional Carbon Surfaces Stable Passivation

项目摘要

Non-technical DescriptionIntermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar require large-scale, cost-effective methods for energy storage. There is currently no technology that could provide this amount of energy storage with acceptable safety, lifetime, and cost. Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries are more promising than lithium-ion batteries for large-scale storage based on their earth-abundant resources and lower raw material cost. However, the lifetime of current sodium-ion technology is limited by inefficient interfaces between solid and liquid materials inside the battery. With the support of the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program, this project will develop better understanding of this interfacial chemistry. The results will allow researchers to design materials that last longer and to predict the lifetime of those materials much faster than traditional methods. The educational benefits of the project include graduate and undergraduate researcher training in electroanalytical chemistry, battery science, microfabrication, and reactor design. The PI has also partnered with a local high school's chapter of Girls Who Code to introduce high school students to electronics and engineering design.Technical DescriptionInsufficient passivation from the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI), a surface film at the electrode/electrolyte interface, limits the lifetime of sodium-ion batteries. Even basic understanding of how the SEI forms, grows, and transports charges is severely lacking. This work will apply an innovative combination of microfluidic reactors, electrochemical generator-collector experiments, and redox mediator studies in order to develop methods for critical insight into the form and function of the SEI. Reducing reactor volume mimics the surface:volume ratio of a real battery while the well-defined convection field is still amenable to transport and kinetic analysis. This unconventional approach controls the residence time of the electrolyte degradation reactions and can be used to map passivation efficiency to the concentration and chain-length of solubilized oligomers. The microflow reactor also permits electrochemical generator-collector experiments to amperometrically detect reaction products. Such four-electrode measurements are not possible in a normal battery and will permit the amperometric detection of soluble degradation products and mediator studies of charge transport and reaction in the SEI. Patterned carbonaceous electrodes in model geometries will be synthesized by controlled oxidation of pyrolyzed photoresist. These electrodes will be characterized spectroscopically and microscopically in order to relate their electrochemical performance to the nature of the carbon surface. The results of the study will impact both existing and emerging materials for sodium-ion batteries by determining how carbon surface chemistry can be used to control both the catalysis of desirable SEI products and their effective precipitation into stable films.

非技术描述间歇性可再生能源，如风能和太阳能，需要大规模，具有成本效益的储能方法。目前还没有技术可以以可接受的安全性、寿命和成本提供这种能量存储。可充电钠离子电池比锂离子电池更有希望基于其丰富的地球资源和较低的原材料成本进行大规模存储。然而，目前钠离子技术的寿命受到电池内部固体和液体材料之间低效界面的限制。在固态和材料化学计划的支持下，该项目将更好地了解这种界面化学。研究结果将使研究人员能够设计出寿命更长的材料，并比传统方法更快地预测这些材料的寿命。该项目的教育效益包括电分析化学，电池科学，微制造和反应器设计的研究生和本科生研究人员培训。PI还与当地一所高中的Girls Who Code分会合作，向高中生介绍电子和工程设计。技术说明固体电解质界面（SEI）（电极/电解质界面处的表面膜）钝化不足，限制了钠离子电池的寿命。甚至对SEI如何形成、生长和传输电荷的基本理解也严重缺乏。这项工作将应用微流体反应器，电化学发生器收集器实验和氧化还原介体研究的创新组合，以开发对SEI的形式和功能进行关键洞察的方法。减小反应器体积模拟了真实的电池的表面：体积比，同时良好限定的对流场仍然适合于传输和动力学分析。这种非常规的方法控制电解质降解反应的停留时间，并可用于将钝化效率映射到溶解的低聚物的浓度和链长。微流反应器还允许电化学发生器-收集器实验以安培法检测反应产物。这样的四电极测量在正常电池中是不可能的，并且将允许可溶性降解产物的安培检测和SEI中的电荷传输和反应的介体研究。将通过热解光致抗蚀剂的受控氧化来合成模型几何形状的图案化碳质电极。这些电极将通过光谱和显微镜表征，以将其电化学性能与碳表面的性质相关联。该研究的结果将影响现有和新兴的钠离子电池材料，确定碳表面化学如何用于控制理想的SEI产物的催化作用及其有效沉淀成稳定的薄膜。