Collaborative Research: A Scalable Sustainability-Based Approach to a Novel Demand Response Paradigm in the Emerging Smart Grid

该研究项目解决了美国电力生产和消费的能效和可持续性问题。当电力系统的需求达到峰值时，比如炎热的夏季，增加的电力由低效和污染的发电机提供，称为调峰机组。如果需求能够从这一高峰期转移或消除，那么电力就可以以可持续的、节能的方式生产和消费。在该项目中，我们引入了协调的多电压级别能源管理系统的新方法，以减少峰值电力需求，这有助于美国实现可持续的能源未来。该项目的范围预计将对未来电力系统的几个至关重要的领域产生重大和积极的影响，包括终端用户领域分布式资源的整合、协调和部署；整个电力系统的端到端交互；电力市场和控制中心的全面放松监管；以及工程劳动力的发展。此外，这项研究将鼓励、促进和加快新技术在电网中的部署，并有助于实现能源独立、低碳足迹、降低高峰负荷和全面放松电力管制。拟议的智能能源管理系统和新的可持续性指标可能会影响其他关键的能源输送基础设施，如天然气和石油输送系统、运输、水电大坝(和相关的灌溉合同)、放松管制的市场和电信。这项研究将通过有针对性的K-12 STEM教育向特定和广泛的受众传播。为了实现研究项目的技术目标，提出了一个独特的基础设施框架，用于协调多电压级别、多聚合规模的能源管理系统，从个人最终用户资产延伸到大容量输电网，目标是优化环境和经济的可持续性。这种变革性的新方法利用聚合器实体通过聚合和控制终端用户资产(例如，电动汽车)来执行需求响应。介绍了一种与上网电价和零售电价并存的独特的需求响应时变定价方法--客户激励电价，并对其在不同市场和制度条件下的有效性进行了评估。为了实现新的基于整体聚合器的需求响应能量管理系统，将设计新的协调随机控制算法，并评估其对现有的散户和零售电力市场的适用性。这些算法将使用高保真建模和联合仿真进行评估，涉及新开发的可持续发展指标、市场和电力系统效率，以及算法在独特试验台上对真实大小电力系统的可扩展性。

The research project addresses energy efficiency and sustainability issues of electricity production and consumption in the United States. When the demand on the electric power system peaks, such as on hot summer days, the increased electricity is supplied by inefficient and polluting generators called peaking units. If the demand can be shifted or removed from this peak time, then electricity can be generated and consumed in a sustainable, energy-efficient manner. In this project, we introduce new methods for a coordinated multi-voltage-level energy management system to reduce peak electricity demand, which contributes to a sustainable energy future for the U.S. The project's scope is expected to significantly and positively impact several areas of vital importance to the future electric power system, including the integration, coordination, and deployment of distributed resources in the end-user realm; end-to-end interaction across the electric power system; full deregulation of electricity markets and control centers; and development of the engineering workforce. Additionally, the research will encourage, facilitate, and accelerate the deployment of new technologies in the electric grid and help achieve energy independence, low carbon footprint, reduced peak loads, and full-scale electric deregulation. The proposed intelligent energy management systems and new sustainability metrics may impact other critical energy delivery infrastructures, such as gas and oil delivery systems, transportation, hydroelectric dams (and associated irrigation contracts), deregulated markets, and telecommunications. The research will be disseminated to specific as well as broad audiences and through targeted K-12 STEM education. The success of the project outreach efforts will be evaluated by an independent educator.To achieve the technical goals of the research project, a unique infrastructural framework is proposed for a coordinated multi-voltage-level multi-aggregation-scale energy management system, extending from the individual end-user asset to the bulk transmission grid, with the goal of optimizing environmental and economic sustainability. This transformational new method utilizes aggregator entities to perform demand response via the aggregation and control of end-user assets (e.g., electric vehicles). Customer incentive pricing, a unique time-varying pricing method for demand response that coexists with bulk power pricing and retail electricity pricing, is introduced and its effectiveness is evaluated under different market and system conditions. To realize the new holistic aggregator-based demand response energy management system, new coordinated stochastic control algorithms will be designed and their applicability for the existing bulk and retail power markets will be evaluated. These algorithms will be assessed using high-fidelity modeling and co-simulation, with respect to newly developed sustainability metrics, market and power system efficiency, and algorithm scalability to a realistic-size power system on a unique test bed.