Collaborative Research: Scalable Circuit theoretic Framework for Large Grid Simulations and Optimizations: from Combined T&D Planning to Electromagnetic Transients

这个NSF项目旨在开发一种通用的分布式框架，用于解决在大多数实际环境中既快速又健壮的大规模电网问题。该项目将为未来的电网运营和规划带来革命性的变化，这些变化依赖于可处理的大规模时域和稳态模拟和优化，以实现快速电气化和脱碳。该项目将通过推进最先进的非线性规划、物理启发的图划分和具有子模块类型目标的组合优化来实现这种转变。该项目的智力优势包括利用网格问题的专门边界块对角结构来实现计算可追溯性，以及利用网格模型的物理根等效电路表示来实现数值稳定性和算法性能。该项目的更广泛影响包括加速向零碳电网过渡所需的技术，使公民科学努力成为可能，以及促进本科研究和教育。零碳电网的运行和设计将需要大规模计算的解决方案。这将包括系统范围内的电磁瞬变模拟（由于基于逆变器的资源的渗透不断增加），以及由于资源不确定性增加而进行的大型多周期优化。由于其庞大的规模和复杂性，目前最先进的通用方法无法在实际环境中健壮有效地解决这些大型模拟和优化问题。我们将利用源于网格问题的结构和物理行为的潜在专业属性，通过三个项目重点来解决这些差距。推力1将建立一个可扩展的电路理论广义框架来解决边界块对角可分解的大型非线性模拟和优化问题。推力1将利用潜在问题的等效电路表示来实现项目目标。推力2将引入一种新的度量，用于分析量化分解体系中各个子问题之间耦合强度的概念，推力3将确定最佳分解策略。虽然提出的重点是电网，但可以彻底改变许多其他领域大规模问题的解决方法。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This NSF project aims to develop a generalized distributed framework for solving large-scale power grid problems that are both fast and robust in most practical settings. The project will bring transformative change in the future grid operation and planning that depend on tractable large-scale time-domain and steady-state simulations and optimizations for rapid electrification and decarbonization. The project will bring about this transformation by advancing the state-of-the-art in nonlinear programming, physics-inspired graph-partitioning, and combinatorial optimization with submodular type objectives. The intellectual merits of the project include leveraging specialized bordered-block-diagonal structure of grid problems for computational tractability and physics-rooted equivalent-circuit representation of grid models for numerical stability and algorithm performance. The broader impacts of the project include accelerating technologies necessary for the transition to zero-carbon power grids, enabling citizen science efforts, and promoting undergraduate research and education. Zero-carbon electric grid operation and design will require solutions to large computations. These will range from system-wide electromagnetic transient simulations due to the growing penetration of inverter-based resources to large multi-period optimizations due to increasing resource uncertainty. State-of-the-art general methods cannot solve these large simulations and optimizations robustly and efficiently in practical settings due to their sheer size and complexity. We will leverage the underlying specialized properties stemming from the structure and physical behavior of grid problems to address these gaps through three project thrusts. Thrust 1 will build a scalable circuit-theoretic generalized framework to solve bordered-block-diagonal decomposable large nonlinear simulations (NLS) and optimizations (NLPs). Thrust 1 will harness equivalent circuit representations of the underlying problems to achieve project goals. Thrust 2 will introduce a novel metric for analytically quantifying the notion of strength of coupling between various subproblems in a decomposed regime, and Thrust 3 will identify optimal decomposition strategies. The proposed thrusts, while focused on power grids, can revolutionize the solution methodology of large-scale problems in many other domains.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.