Far from Equilibrium and Quantum Phenomena in Strongly Correlated Systems

该奖项支持非平衡物理学的理论研究和教育。由于技术的重大进步，通过驱动一个由许多相互作用的粒子组成的系统远离它们未受扰动的平衡态，可以在实验上获得新的物质状态。例如，研究人员现在能够用强烈的超短电磁辐射脉冲在超导金属中激发电子，同时完全保持材料的整体超导性。统计物理学的传统工具不适用于这种非平衡条件。该项目的最终目标是开发这些现象的可靠理论，并预测和描述可以在新型量子设备中利用的远离平衡态的量子物质的新状态。研究计划的实施将同时促进研究生和博士后的培训和教育。该项目的组成部分是拟议的研究生课程非平衡多体物理学，和互动的方法教学非科学专业的发展，这将与PI的同事在罗格斯大学科学教育学合作实施。 在过去的十年里，人们对多体相互作用系统的相干动力学进行了前所未有的实验研究。远离平衡态的超导性和超流性是一个重要的独立子领域，自PI早期有影响力的工作以来一直在迅速发展。然而，对不同超流体中常见的非平衡相的起源仍然缺乏普遍的描述和理解。本项目的具体目标是发展这两个方面。PI还计划探索非平衡拓扑超流体，这些超流体预计具有比平衡状态更丰富的拓扑性质，以及多组分超流体动力学中的非平衡相和不稳定性。该项目的另一个目标是以中心自旋模型为例，分析当我们逐渐从量子力学到经典力学时，动力学如何变化，并研究通过腔模强耦合的二能级原子系综的驱动耗散动力学。这个项目的最后一个研究部分涉及量子可积系统的介观和纳米级性质。随机矩阵理论（RMT）作为不可积复杂系统中许多此类普适性质的描述，取得了巨大的成功。PI计划从基本原理出发，为量子可积系统开发RMT的对应物。在另一项研究中，PI将把这一新创建的可积矩阵理论应用于量子不可逆性问题。研究计划的实施将同时促进研究生和博士后的培训和教育。该项目的组成部分是拟议的非平衡多体物理学研究生课程，以及开发用于教学非科学专业的互动方法，这将与罗格斯大学科学教育学专业的PI同事合作实施。

NONTECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education in non-equilibrium physics. Thanks to major advances in technology, new states of matter can be accessed experimentally by driving a system of many interacting particles far from their unperturbed equilibrium state. For example, researchers are now able to stir up electrons in a superconducting metal with an intense ultrashort pulse of electromagnetic radiation while fully maintaining the overall superconductivity of the material. The conventional tools of statistical physics do not apply in such non-equilibrium conditions. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop reliable theories of these phenomena, and to predict and describe new states of far-from-equilibrium quantum matter that can potentially be harnessed in novel quantum devices. The implementation of the research plan will at the same time foster training and education of graduate students and postdocs. Integral parts of this project are the proposed graduate course on non-equilibrium many-body physics, and the development of interactive methods for teaching non-science majors, which will be implemented in collaboration with the PI's colleagues in science pedagogy at Rutgers.TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education in non-equilibrium physics. The past decade has witnessed unprecedented experimental access to coherent dynamics of many-body interacting systems. Far-from-equilibrium superconductivity and superfluidity is an important separate subfield that has been growing rapidly since the PI's early influential work. Nevertheless, a universal description and understanding of the origin of non-equilibrium phases commonly seen in different superfluids is still lacking. This project aims specifically at developing both. The PI also plans to explore non-equilibrium topological superfluids that are expected to have much richer topological properties than in equilibrium, as well as non-equilibrium phases and instabilities in the dynamics of multicomponent superfluids. A further goal of this project is to analyze how the dynamics change as we gradually go from quantum to classical mechanics using the central spin model as an example, and to study the driven-dissipative dynamics of ensembles of two-level atoms that are strongly coupled through a cavity mode. The last research component of this project addresses mesoscopic and nanoscale properties of quantum integrable systems. Random Matrix Theory (RMT) enjoyed a great deal of success as a description of many such universal properties in non-integrable complex systems. The PI plans to develop a counterpart of RMT for quantum integrable systems starting from basic principles. In a separate study, the PI will apply this newly created integrable matrix theory to the problem of quantum irreversibility.The implementation of the research plan will at the same time foster training and education of graduate students and postdocs. Integral parts of this project are the proposed graduate course on non-equilibrium many-body physics, and the development of interactive methods for teaching non-science majors, which will be implemented in collaboration with the PI's colleagues in science pedagogy at Rutgers.