Far from Equilibrium and Quantum Phenomena in Strongly Correlated Systems

该奖项支持非平衡物理学的理论研究和教育。由于技术的重大进步，通过驱动一个由许多相互作用的粒子组成的系统远离其未受扰动的平衡状态，可以在实验中获得物质的新状态。例如，研究人员现在能够用超强的超短脉冲电磁辐射来搅动超导金属中的电子，同时完全保持材料的整体超导性。统计物理学的传统工具不适用于这种非平衡条件。该项目的最终目标是发展这些现象的可靠理论，并预测和描述可能在新型量子器件中利用的远非平衡量子物质的新状态。该研究计划的实施将同时促进研究生和博士后的培养和教育。这个项目的组成部分是关于非平衡多体物理的研究生课程，以及非科学专业教学的互动方法的发展，这将与PI在罗格斯大学的科学教育学同事合作实施。该奖项支持非平衡物理学的理论研究和教育。过去十年见证了前所未有的实验获得多体相互作用系统的相干动力学。非平衡态超导和超流体是一个重要的独立子领域，自PI早期有影响力的工作以来一直在迅速发展。然而，对于不同超流体中常见的非平衡相的起源，仍然缺乏一个普遍的描述和理解。这个项目的目标是同时发展这两方面。PI还计划探索非平衡拓扑超流体，这些超流体预计具有比平衡状态更丰富的拓扑特性，以及多组分超流体动力学中的非平衡相和不稳定性。本项目的进一步目标是以中心自旋模型为例，分析当我们逐渐从量子力学到经典力学时动力学是如何变化的，并研究通过腔模式强耦合的两能级原子系综的驱动耗散动力学。该项目的最后一个研究组成部分涉及量子可积系统的介观和纳米尺度性质。随机矩阵理论（RMT）在描述不可积复杂系统中的许多这类普遍性质方面取得了很大的成功。PI计划从基本原理开始，开发量子可积系统的RMT对应物。在另一项研究中，PI将把这个新创建的可积矩阵理论应用于量子不可逆性问题。该研究计划的实施将同时促进研究生和博士后的培养和教育。这个项目的组成部分是关于非平衡多体物理的研究生课程，以及非科学专业教学的互动方法的发展，这将与PI在罗格斯大学的科学教育学同事合作实施。

NONTECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education in non-equilibrium physics. Thanks to major advances in technology, new states of matter can be accessed experimentally by driving a system of many interacting particles far from their unperturbed equilibrium state. For example, researchers are now able to stir up electrons in a superconducting metal with an intense ultrashort pulse of electromagnetic radiation while fully maintaining the overall superconductivity of the material. The conventional tools of statistical physics do not apply in such non-equilibrium conditions. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop reliable theories of these phenomena, and to predict and describe new states of far-from-equilibrium quantum matter that can potentially be harnessed in novel quantum devices. The implementation of the research plan will at the same time foster training and education of graduate students and postdocs. Integral parts of this project are the proposed graduate course on non-equilibrium many-body physics, and the development of interactive methods for teaching non-science majors, which will be implemented in collaboration with the PI's colleagues in science pedagogy at Rutgers.TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education in non-equilibrium physics. The past decade has witnessed unprecedented experimental access to coherent dynamics of many-body interacting systems. Far-from-equilibrium superconductivity and superfluidity is an important separate subfield that has been growing rapidly since the PI's early influential work. Nevertheless, a universal description and understanding of the origin of non-equilibrium phases commonly seen in different superfluids is still lacking. This project aims specifically at developing both. The PI also plans to explore non-equilibrium topological superfluids that are expected to have much richer topological properties than in equilibrium, as well as non-equilibrium phases and instabilities in the dynamics of multicomponent superfluids. A further goal of this project is to analyze how the dynamics change as we gradually go from quantum to classical mechanics using the central spin model as an example, and to study the driven-dissipative dynamics of ensembles of two-level atoms that are strongly coupled through a cavity mode. The last research component of this project addresses mesoscopic and nanoscale properties of quantum integrable systems. Random Matrix Theory (RMT) enjoyed a great deal of success as a description of many such universal properties in non-integrable complex systems. The PI plans to develop a counterpart of RMT for quantum integrable systems starting from basic principles. In a separate study, the PI will apply this newly created integrable matrix theory to the problem of quantum irreversibility.The implementation of the research plan will at the same time foster training and education of graduate students and postdocs. Integral parts of this project are the proposed graduate course on non-equilibrium many-body physics, and the development of interactive methods for teaching non-science majors, which will be implemented in collaboration with the PI's colleagues in science pedagogy at Rutgers.