Understanding the Degradation Mechanisms in Phosphorous-Carbon Hybrid Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

了解钠离子电池磷碳混合阳极的降解机制

• 批准号: 1610430
• 负责人: Donghai Wang
• 金额: $ 44.5万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1610430&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Degradation; Mechanisms; Phosphorous; Carbon

Non-Technical AbstractElectrical energy storage is a key component of the renewables-friendly future power grid with high-energy efficiency, stability, and resilience. Sodium ion batteries have a significant advantage over widely used Lithium ion batteries, owing to the low cost and abundance of sodium precursor. Phosphorus-based materials are promising as anodes for sodium ion batteries due to their high capacity and low cost. However, similar to alloy anodes in lithium ion batteries, phosphorus undergoes ~300% volume change during charge/discharge, leading to pulverization of the active materials, unstable growth of the solid electrolyte interphase, and poor cyclability. With the support of the Solid State nad Materials Chemistry program, this research project strives to bring low-cost, high-performance, long-cycling sodium ion batteries closer to real-world applications by understaning the degradation mechanisms of phosphorus-based anode materials. Such batteries would enable greater integration of intermittent renewable power sources such as wind and solar, decrease dependence on fossil fuels, and improve the overall efficiency, stability, and resilience of the power grid. The research project also enhances involvement of women and minorities in science and engineering, and stimulates the interests of students at Penn State in the fast-evolving research field of nanostructured energy storage materials.Technical AbstractThe research objective of this award is to uncover the underlying mechanisms of electro-chemically driven mechanical degradation in phosphorus-carbon hybrids as anode materials for sodium ion batteries through an integrated experimental-modeling approach. Experimentally, in situ TEM studies allow atomic-scale observation of phase transformation and failure mechanisms. Combined with the low-cost, scalable synthesis methods and advanced full-cell battery testing and characterization, the experimental studies enable the research team to build an atomic-scale picture of microstructure, morphology, and composition evolution of the hybrids during electrochemical cycling. The proposed multiscale models seamlessly integrate with the experimental characterizations to identify the leading degradation mechanisms and accordingly optimize the material designs. The integrated experimental-modeling approach helps foster transformative progress for developing high-performance energy storage materials.

电能存储是可再生能源友好型未来电网的关键组成部分，具有高能效，稳定性和弹性。由于钠前驱体的低成本和丰富，钠离子电池相对于广泛使用的锂离子电池具有显著的优势。 磷基材料由于其高容量和低成本而有希望作为钠离子电池的阳极。 然而，与锂离子电池中的合金阳极类似，磷在充电/放电期间经历约300%的体积变化，导致活性材料的粉碎、固体电解质界面的不稳定生长和差的循环性能。在固态材料化学项目的支持下，该研究项目通过了解磷基阳极材料的降解机制，努力使低成本，高性能，长循环的钠离子电池更接近现实世界的应用。这种电池将能够更好地整合风能和太阳能等间歇性可再生能源，减少对化石燃料的依赖，并提高电网的整体效率，稳定性和弹性。该研究项目还加强了妇女和少数民族对科学和工程的参与，并激发了宾夕法尼亚州立大学学生对快速发展的纳米结构储能材料研究领域的兴趣。技术摘要该奖项的研究目标是揭示电化学驱动的磷机械降解的潜在机制，碳混合物作为阳极材料的钠离子电池通过一个综合的实验建模方法。在实验上，原位TEM研究允许原子尺度的相变和故障机制的观察。结合低成本，可扩展的合成方法和先进的全电池测试和表征，实验研究使研究团队能够建立电化学循环过程中混合物的微观结构，形态和组成演变的原子尺度图像。所提出的多尺度模型与实验表征无缝集成，以识别主要的降解机制，并相应地优化材料设计。集成的实验建模方法有助于促进开发高性能储能材料的变革性进展。