GOALI: Paper-based Skin

皮肤是人体最大的器官，对人与环境的互动和生存至关重要，但人形机器人、假肢和可穿戴设备仍然缺乏类似的感觉设备和保护。理想的合成皮肤必须具有弹性，可扩展性，易于包裹四肢，能够检测周围物体的触摸和力量，并防止或限制微生物的传播。用于检测触摸、压力和冲击的空间分布的大面积皮肤传感器将用于从民用基础设施到假肢到机器人到地面和航空航天器的结构健康监测的许多应用。为了实现这些未来的应用，拟议的工作将包括设计规则，以帮助工程师扩大压印光刻和组装合成皮肤的卷对卷加工。重量轻，价格便宜的皮肤将防止危及生命的灾难，如那些与未被发现的结构损坏（例如，哥伦比亚号航天飞机上松散的瓷砖造成的灾难性冲击损坏）。主动抗菌保护将在无菌或受污染的环境中对机器人、机器或可穿戴服装进行消毒。工业和艺术合作者将为研究团队提供材料和指导，致力于商业上可行的加工和组装。本科生和高中生将有机会通过参加罗格斯大学荣誉学院、伯恩研讨会、阿雷斯蒂研究中心和新泽西州长工程技术学院的活动，构建具有类皮肤传感功能的纸基设备。该GOALI提案的研究目标是创建由可调纸基复合材料制成的可扩展的皮肤状传感设备，具有感知触摸，测量力的空间分布和提供基于等离子体的灭菌的能力。 所制造的器件将由夹在两层金属化纸之间的压纹压阻纸组成。感测机制将是无源的，并且与附接的电极阵列接口。一个中心的假设是，可调孔隙率附近的临界/渗流阈值的纤维素基复合材料含有导电纳米填料，将占主导地位的机电性能在机械弹性和塑性应变制度的大转变。具体任务将包括：㈠可调压阻纸的制造和压印光刻; ㈡桥接中尺度和纳米尺度的纸基复合材料的电特性建模; ㈢机械建模和表征，以建立压印光刻的设计规则; ㈣金属化纸等离子体消毒器的消毒机制;以及（v）多层纸基材料的堆叠集成，用于触摸、压力和基于等离子体的消毒的组合感测。

Skin, the largest organ of the human body, is essential for human-environment interactions and survival, yet humanoids, prosthetics, and wearable devices continue to lack comparable sensory devices and protection. An ideal synthetic skin must be flexible, scalable, easy to wrap around limbs, able to detect touch and force from surrounding objects, and protect against or limit the spread of microbes. Large-area, skin-like sensors for detecting spatial distributions of touch, pressure, and impact will be useful for a number of applications ranging from civil infrastructure to prosthetics to robotics to structural health monitoring of ground and aerospace vehicles. To enable these future applications, the proposed work will include design rules to aid engineers in scaling up imprint lithography and assembly for roll-to-roll processing of synthetic skins. Lightweight, inexpensive skin will prevent life-threatening disasters, such as those linked to undetected structural damage (e.g., the catastrophic impact damage from loose tiles on space shuttle Columbia). The active antimicrobial protection will sterilize robots, machines, or wearable garments in sterile or contaminated environments. The industrial and artistic collaborators will provide materials and guidance to the research team working toward commercially viable processing and assembly. Undergraduate and high school students will have opportunities to build paper-based devices with skin-like sensing through their participation in the Rutgers Honors College, Byrne Seminars, Aresty Research Center, and the New Jersey Governor's School of Engineering and Technology. The research objective of this GOALI proposal is to create scalable, skin-like sensing devices made of tunable paper-based composites with capabilities of sensing touch, measuring spatial distributions of forces, and providing plasma-based sterilization. The fabricated devices will consist of embossed piezoresistive paper sandwiched between two layers of metallized paper. The sensing mechanisms will be passive and interface with an array of attached electrodes. A central hypothesis is that tunable porosity near a critical/percolation threshold in cellulose-based composites containing conductive nanofillers that will dominate large transitions in electromechanical properties in both mechanically elastic and plastic regimes of strain. The specific tasks will include (i) fabrication and imprint lithography of tunable, piezoresistive paper; (ii) modeling electrical properties in paper-based composites bridging the meso and nano scales; (iii) mechanical modeling and characterization to establish design rules for imprint lithography; (iv) disinfecting mechanisms of plasma-based sterilizers with metallized paper; and (v) stacked integration of multiple layers of paper-based materials for combined sensing of touch, pressure, and plasma-based sterilization.