Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure: Post-Disaster, Rapid Response Research (RAPID) Facility

自然灾害工程研究基础设施（NHERI）将得到美国国家科学基金会（NSF）的支持，作为一个分布式、多用户的国家设施，它将为自然灾害研究社区提供研究基础设施，包括地震和风力工程实验设施、网络基础设施、计算建模和模拟工具、研究数据，以及教育和社区外展活动。NHERI将由网络协调办公室（NCO）、网络基础设施、计算建模和仿真中心以及实验设施（EFs）组成，其中包括灾后快速反应研究（rapid）设施。NHERI获得的奖金将有助于NSF在国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）和国家减少风暴影响计划中的作用。NHERI延续了NSF对地震工程研究基础设施的重视，此前，作为NEHRP的一部分，由小乔治·e·布朗地震工程模拟网络支持，但现在扩大了对风力工程研究基础设施的支持。NHERI的广泛目标是支持研究，以提高民用基础设施（如建筑物和其他地面和地下结构、堤坝和关键生命线）抵御地震和风暴等自然灾害的弹性和可持续性，以减少生命损失、损害和经济损失。有关NHERI资源的信息可在DesignSafe-ci.org网站上获得。NHERI EFs将为nsf支持的研究和教育奖励提供实验资源、用户服务和数据管理基础设施。作为NHERI EF投资组合的一部分，该奖项将支持总部设在华盛顿大学的NHERI RAPID设施。RAPID设施的科学目标是支持自然灾害研究人员通过可靠的获取和社区共享高质量的灾后数据集来进行下一代RAPID研究，这些数据集将能够表征自然灾害载荷下民用基础设施的性能，评估当前和以前设计方法的有效性。校准用于预测民用基础设施组成部分和系统对自然灾害反应的计算模型，并为抗灾社区制定解决方案。为了支持这一目标，该设施将提供以下资源：(1)最先进的数据收集工具组合（包括地理信息技术、图像捕获和激光扫描设备、地震学、风力和洪水仪器以及无人驾驶飞机系统等）；(2)协助数据收集和处理的新软件工具；（三）教育、外联和培训服务；(4)咨询服务，协助侦察队规划安全和成功的外地数据收集任务；(5)总部，包括一个3D迷你计算机自动虚拟环境（CAVE），用于查看和初步分析在实地战役中收集的各种形式的图像数据。作为一种社区资源，该设施将：(1)支持自然灾害社区获取前所未有的易腐、灾后、高质量的开放数据；(2)提供灾后侦察的学习和培训机会；(3)通过公民科学数据收集倡议促进公众对科学技术的参与；(4)通过在全球部署期间与外国组织建立合作关系，发展新的和加强现有的国际研究伙伴关系。该设施还将接待学生，作为NCO本科生研究经验项目的一部分。

The Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) will be supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a distributed, multi-user national facility that will provide the natural hazards research community with access to research infrastructure that will include earthquake and wind engineering experimental facilities, cyberinfrastructure, computational modeling and simulation tools, and research data, as well as education and community outreach activities. NHERI will be comprised of separate awards for a Network Coordination Office (NCO), Cyberinfrastructure, Computational Modeling and Simulation Center, and Experimental Facilities (EFs), including a post-disaster, rapid response research (RAPID) facility. Awards made for NHERI will contribute to NSF's role in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) and the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program. NHERI continues NSF's emphasis on earthquake engineering research infrastructure previously supported under the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation as part of NEHRP, but now broadens that support to include wind engineering research infrastructure. NHERI has the broad goal of supporting research that will improve the resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure, such as buildings and other surface and underground structures, levees, and critical lifelines, against the natural hazards of earthquakes and windstorms, in order to reduce loss of life, damage, and economic loss. Information about NHERI resources is available at the DesignSafe-ci.org web portal. NHERI EFs will provide access to their experimental resources, user services, and data management infrastructure for NSF-supported research and education awards. As part of the NHERI EF portfolio, this award will support the NHERI RAPID facility, headquartered at the University of Washington. The scientific goal of the RAPID facility is to support natural hazard researchers to conduct next generation RAPID research through reliable acquisition and community sharing of high-quality, post-disaster data sets that will enable characterization of civil infrastructure performance under natural hazard loads, evaluation of the effectiveness of current and previous design methodologies, calibration of computational models used to predict civil infrastructure component and system response to natural hazards, and development of solutions for resilient communities. In support of this goal, this facility will provide the following resources: (1) a portfolio of state-of-the-art data collection tools (including geomatics technologies; image capture and laser scanning equipment; seismological, wind, and inundation instruments; and unmanned aircraft systems, among others); (2) new software tools to aid in data collection and processing; (3) education, outreach, and training services; (4) advisory services to assist reconnaissance teams with the planning of safe and successful field missions for data collection; and (5) a headquarters that includes a 3D mini Computer Automated Virtual Environment (CAVE) for viewing and preliminary analysis of the various forms of image data collected during field campaigns. As a community resource, the facility will: (1) support acquisition of an unprecedented amount of perishable, post-disaster, high-quality, open data by the natural hazards community; (2) provide learning and training opportunities in post-disaster reconnaissance; (3) promote public engagement with science and technology through a citizen science data collection initiative; and (4) develop new and strengthen existing international research partnerships by establishing collaborations with foreign organizations during global deployments. This facility will also host students as part of the NCO's Research Experiences for Undergraduates program.