The Impact of Environmental Perturbations on Biogenic Monoterpene Emissions and Their Implications to Secondary Organic Aerosol

环境扰动对生物单萜排放的影响及其对二次有机气溶胶的影响

• 批准号: 1614315
• 负责人: Delphine Farmer
• 金额: $ 16.61万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1614315&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impact; Environmental; Perturbations; Biogenic; Monoterpene

Forests are known to emit substantial amounts of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOC) that produce small particles called secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). These SOAs scatter sunlight and also seed clouds making them important for the earth's radiation and energy budget. However, these processes are highly uncertain and not captured in current climate models. Furthermore, climate change from increasing carbon dioxide is expected to alter temperatures and change precipitation patterns that will impact VOC and SOA production from forests. The responses to these changes can be distinct, non-additive and non-linear and there is conflicting evidence on whether these biogenic climate feedbacks will exacerbate or moderate anthropogenic climate forcing. The proposal addresses this important uncertainty with targeted laboratory studies of plants using state of the art measurements.This project implements control studies of plant chambers for measurement of VOC emissions and SOA formation from fast growing nicotine plants under abiotically stressed conditions. It will develop protocols to measure plant BVOC emissions under abiotic stress and also investigate the combined impact of elevated CO2 and temperature on plant emissions. The study will develop a set of 20 plant chambers for use with fast growing Nicotiana plants. It will then investigate the variance in VOC emission and SOA yield results for 20 identical (i.e. genetic clones) plants under identical conditions (ambient CO2 + elevated temperature) for at least one month. Finally it will perform a two-factor, short-term perturbation experiment, with CO2 and temperature perturbations ( +400 ppmv and +5 deg C) will be applied both separately and combined to test the hypothesis that combined abiotic stresses change VOC emissions in non-linear manners.

众所周知，森林会排放大量的活性挥发性有机化合物（VOC），这些化合物会产生称为二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的小颗粒。这些SOA散射阳光，也是云的种子，使它们对地球的辐射和能量收支非常重要。然而，这些过程是高度不确定的，在目前的气候模型中没有捕捉到。此外，二氧化碳增加引起的气候变化预计将改变气温和降水模式，从而影响森林产生的挥发性有机化合物和SOA。对这些变化的反应可以是不同的，非加性和非线性的，这些生物气候反馈是否会加剧或缓和人为气候强迫有相互矛盾的证据。 该项目通过对植物进行有针对性的实验室研究来解决这一重要的不确定性。该项目对植物室进行控制研究，以测量快速生长的尼古丁植物在非生物胁迫条件下的挥发性有机化合物排放和SOA形成。它将制定协议来测量植物在非生物胁迫下的BVOC排放，并调查二氧化碳和温度升高对植物排放的综合影响。这项研究将开发一套20个植物室，用于快速生长的烟草植物。然后，它将调查20个相同的（即遗传克隆）植物在相同条件下（环境CO2 +升高的温度）至少一个月的VOC排放和SOA产量结果的差异。最后，它将进行一个双因素，短期扰动实验，与CO2和温度扰动（+400 ppmv和+5摄氏度）将分别和组合应用，以测试假设，结合非生物应力改变挥发性有机化合物排放量的非线性方式。