Studies in Nuclear Physics and Fundamental Interactions at Indiana University

印第安纳大学核物理和基本相互作用研究

• 批准号: 1614545
• 负责人: William Snow
• 金额: $ 540万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1614545&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Studies; Nuclear; Physics; Fundamental; Interactions

It is now a well established fact that the proton and neutron are made from constituents known as quarks and gluons. The research supported by this award investigates how a property of the proton called spin is distributed among its parts. The goal is to extract the gluon contribution to the spin of the proton and compare this with theoretical predictions. The group will also search for indications that strongly interacting matter is expected based on symmetry principles. For example, interactions of neutrinos with nuclei is important for the understanding of supernova explosions. In addition, this group will measure the lifetime of the free neutron, since this is important input to test the Big Bang theory of element creation.More specifically, the research supported by this award investigates: (1) How the spin of the proton is distributed among its parts. Particles emitted when high-energy beams of spin-aligned protons collide in the STAR detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider can reveal how much of the proton's spin is carried by its gluons or by different types of quarks and anti-quarks. The group will search for the gluon contribution to the spin of the proton and explore spin differences among antiquarks. They will also measure how polarized quarks turn into mesons and baryons and search for indications that strongly interacting matter breaks mirror symmetry;(2) The properties and interactions of neutrinos in nuclei with a large number of neutrons and protons: this is important for the understanding of supernova explosions; (3) How long the free neutron lives: this is important input to test the Big Bang theory of element creation; and (4) whether or not neutrons possess exotic interactions that are not (yet) a part of our current list of forces.The research activities of the group will contribute toward educating the next generation of skilled PhD scientists for jobs in research and teaching universities, industry and national labs, and medical and computer technology. The investigators co-organize and lecture at summer schools. They participate in the NSF REU program. They mentor their postdocs to facilitate their future entry into teaching and research institutions and the scientific community. They develop undergraduate laboratories emphasizing nuclear technology, bring undergraduates on field trips and assist with programs that encourage pre-college participation in the Indiana University science curriculum. They engage bright young undergraduates in science through jobs or projects, which develop the research skills they will need for success in graduate school. They reach out to the local community through a variety of activities to awaken the interest of students in the local public school system by visiting local high school science classes, acting as judges in local science fairs and for the State Science Olympiad, and presenting physics demonstrations at the Indiana State Fair. They actively recruit female and minority applicants for positions at all levels within the group and the physics department by serving on selection committees for faculty searches and research fellowships for women. They work to make their activities known to the public at large through laboratory tours and Open House presentations, science cafe discussions, radio interviews, and press releases in the local media.

质子和中子是由夸克和胶子组成的，这一点现在已经得到了公认。该奖项支持的研究调查了质子的一种称为自旋的性质如何在其部分之间分布。目标是提取胶子对质子自旋的贡献，并将其与理论预测进行比较。该小组还将根据对称性原理寻找强相互作用物质的迹象。例如，中微子与原子核的相互作用对于理解超新星爆炸很重要。此外，该研究组还将测量自由中子的寿命，因为这是验证大爆炸元素创造理论的重要输入。更具体地说，该奖项支持的研究调查：（1）质子的自旋如何在其部分之间分布。当高能自旋对齐质子束在布鲁克海文国家实验室相对论重离子对撞机的星星探测器中碰撞时发射出的粒子可以揭示质子的自旋有多少是由其胶子或不同类型的夸克和反夸克携带的。该小组将寻找胶子对质子自旋的贡献，并探索反夸克之间的自旋差异。他们还将测量极化夸克如何转变为介子和重子，并寻找强相互作用物质打破镜像对称的迹象;（2）具有大量中子和质子的原子核中中微子的性质和相互作用：这对理解超新星爆炸很重要;（3）自由中子的寿命有多长：这是检验元素创造大爆炸理论的重要投入;（4）中子是否具有奇异的相互作用，而这些相互作用还不属于我们目前的力的一部分。该小组的研究活动将有助于培养下一代熟练的博士科学家，以便在研究和教学大学、工业和国家实验室以及医学和计算机技术中工作。调查人员共同组织暑期学校并在那里讲课。他们参加了NSF REU计划。他们指导他们的博士后，以促进他们未来进入教学和研究机构和科学界。他们开发强调核技术的本科生实验室，让本科生进行实地考察，并协助鼓励大学前参与印第安纳州大学科学课程的计划。他们通过工作或项目吸引聪明的年轻本科生从事科学研究，从而培养他们在研究生院取得成功所需的研究技能。他们通过各种活动接触当地社区，通过参观当地高中科学课程，担任当地科学博览会和国家科学奥林匹克竞赛的评委，并在印第安纳州博览会上展示物理演示，唤醒当地公立学校系统学生的兴趣。他们积极招募女性和少数民族申请人在集团和物理系内的各级职位，通过担任选拔委员会的教师搜索和研究奖学金的妇女。他们通过实验室图尔斯参观和开放日演讲、科学咖啡馆讨论、电台采访和当地媒体的新闻稿，努力使公众了解他们的活动。

项目成果

Measurement of the branching fraction and time-dependent CP asymmetry for B0→J/ψπ0 decays

B0-J/ÏÏ0 衰变的支化分数和时间依赖性 CP 不对称性的测量

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.112008
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Pal, B.;Schwartz, A. J.;Aihara, H.;Al Said, S.;Asner, D. M.;Atmacan, H.;Aulchenko, V.;Aushev, T.;Ayad, R.;Badhrees, I.
• 通讯作者: Badhrees, I.

Dark Matter Search in a Proton Beam Dump with MiniBooNE

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.221803
• 发表时间: 2017-05-31
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A.;Backfish, M.;Yu, J.
• 通讯作者: Yu, J.

Search for exotic spin-dependent couplings of the neutron with matter using spin-echo based neutron interferometry

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.122002
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: S. Parnell;A. A. van Well-A.;J. Plomp;R. Dalgliesh;N. Steinke;J. Cooper;N. Geerits;K. Steffen

Measurement of the neutron lifetime using a magneto-gravitational trap and in situ detection

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8895
• 发表时间: 2017-07
• 期刊: Science
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: R. Pattie;N. Callahan;C. Cude-Woods;E. Adamek;L. Broussard;S. Clayton;S. Currie;E. Dees;X. Ding;E. M. Engel;D. Fellers;W. Fox;P. Geltenbort;K. Hickerson;M. Hoffbauer;A. Holley;A. Komives;C-Y. Liu;S. W. T. MacDonald;M. Makela;C. Morris;J. Ortiz;J. Ramsey;D. Salvat;A. Saunders;S. Seestrom;E. Sharapov;S. Sjue;Z. Tang;J. Vanderwerp;B. Vogelaar;P. Walstrom;Z. Wang;W. Wei;H. Weaver;J. Wexler;T. Womack;A. R. Young;B. Zeck

Search for B−→μ−ν¯μ Decays at the Belle Experiment

在贝尔实验中寻找 B 的衰变

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.031801
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Sibidanov, A.;Varvell, K. E.;Adachi, I.;Aihara, H.;Al Said, S.;Asner, D. M.;Aushev, T.;Ayad, R.;Babu, V.;Badhrees, I.
• 通讯作者: Badhrees, I.