Studies in Nuclear Physics and Fundamental Interactions at Indiana University

质子和中子是原子核的基石，有关它们行为的新信息可以促进物理学，并澄清对天文观测的解释。PIS将进行一系列涉及质子和中子的有重点的精确测量，以探测质子内部鲜为人知的内部动力学，寻找新的自然力，并量化一些检验宇宙大爆炸理论预测的关键核反应速率。这些研究活动开发了新技术，培养了下一代熟练的博士科学家，为研究和教学大学、工业和国家实验室以及医疗和计算机技术工作。PI研究的是鲜为人知的动力学，即质子的自旋角动量是如何从夸克和胶子及其轨道运动中建立起来的，以及夸克和胶子如何“碎裂”成探测器中观察到的粒子。PI测量原子核中质子和中子在中微子散射中的建设性干涉的大小，以测试粒子的标准模型，并校准超新星中微子探测器。PIS测量了不同类型的自旋相关的中子与物质的相互作用，其中一些只能由新类型的力引起，并测量了某些核反应的速率，这些核反应对于理解早期宇宙的动力学是重要的。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

New information on the behavior of protons and neutrons, the building blocks of the atomic nuclei, can advance physics and clarify the interpretation of astronomical observations. The PIs will conduct a focused set of precision measurements involving protons and neutrons to probe the poorly-understood internal dynamics inside the proton, search for new forces of nature, and quantify some of the key nuclear reaction rates which test the predictions of the Big Bang theory of the universe. These research activities develop new technologies and educate the next generation of skilled PhD scientists for jobs in research and teaching universities, industry and national labs, and medical and computer technology.The PIs study the poorly-understood dynamics of how the proton's spin angular momentum is built from quarks and gluons and their orbital motion and how the quarks and gluons `fragment’ into the particles that are observed in detectors. The PIs measure the size of constructive interference in neutrino scattering from protons and neutrons in the nucleus to test the Standard Model of particles and to calibrate supernova neutrino detectors. The PIs measure different types of spin-dependent neutron interactions with matter, some which can only be caused by new types of forces, and measure the rates of certain nuclear reactions which are known to be important to understand the dynamics of the early universe.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.