Studies in Nuclear Physics and Fundamental Interactions at Indiana University

关于质子和中子（原子核的组成部分）行为的新信息，可以推动物理学的发展，并澄清对天文观测的解释。pi将对质子和中子进行集中的精确测量，以探测尚不为人所知的质子内部动力学，寻找新的自然力，并量化一些关键的核反应速率，以检验宇宙大爆炸理论的预测。这些研究活动开发了新技术，并为研究和教学大学、工业和国家实验室以及医疗和计算机技术培养了下一代熟练的博士科学家。质子自旋角动量是如何由夸克和胶子以及它们的轨道运动形成的，以及夸克和胶子是如何“分裂”成探测器中观察到的粒子的，这些都是人们知之甚少的动力学。pi测量原子核中质子和中子在中微子散射中的构造干涉的大小，以测试粒子的标准模型并校准超新星中微子探测器。pi测量了不同类型的自旋依赖中子与物质的相互作用，其中一些只能由新型力引起，并测量了某些已知对理解早期宇宙动力学很重要的核反应的速率。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

New information on the behavior of protons and neutrons, the building blocks of the atomic nuclei, can advance physics and clarify the interpretation of astronomical observations. The PIs will conduct a focused set of precision measurements involving protons and neutrons to probe the poorly-understood internal dynamics inside the proton, search for new forces of nature, and quantify some of the key nuclear reaction rates which test the predictions of the Big Bang theory of the universe. These research activities develop new technologies and educate the next generation of skilled PhD scientists for jobs in research and teaching universities, industry and national labs, and medical and computer technology.The PIs study the poorly-understood dynamics of how the proton's spin angular momentum is built from quarks and gluons and their orbital motion and how the quarks and gluons `fragment’ into the particles that are observed in detectors. The PIs measure the size of constructive interference in neutrino scattering from protons and neutrons in the nucleus to test the Standard Model of particles and to calibrate supernova neutrino detectors. The PIs measure different types of spin-dependent neutron interactions with matter, some which can only be caused by new types of forces, and measure the rates of certain nuclear reactions which are known to be important to understand the dynamics of the early universe.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.