Experimental Nuclear Physics and Fundamental Interactions at Indiana University

中子和质子是自然界的四种作用力之一，它们内部和之间的强烈相互作用具有一些鲜为人知的特征和其他能够敏感地搜索新作用力的特征。PI和他的合作者将测量对质子角动量的不同贡献。该团队还将搜索与中微子碰撞后产生反冲的原子核，并将利用这些数据来搜索新的相互作用，并校准未来将用于寻找超新星爆炸中的中子的探测器。此外，该团队将使用中子来搜索可能的新自然力，并测量自由中子的放射性半衰期，以测试大爆炸理论的各个方面。这项工作的科学影响在于核物理、粒子物理、天体物理和宇宙学领域。在进行这些实验的过程中，和平研究所将为许多年轻研究人员提供接受彻底科学和技术教育的绝佳机会。为这项研究开发的灵敏仪器和技术可以应用于材料内部磁场的中子成像。强相互作用理论，QCD，仍然是粒子和相互作用标准模型中最鲜为人知的部分。这个项目将支持印第安纳大学的几个PI合作研究强相互作用物理学中选定的科学问题。该团队将通过分析相对论重离子对撞机恒星探测器中测量的极化质子-质子碰撞数据，来探索鲜为人知的胶子螺旋度和夸克轨道运动对质子角动量的贡献。PI和他的合作者还将测量不同原子核中的相干中微子-原子核截面，包括液体Ar闪烁探测器中的Ar，以获得在超新星爆炸中产生的中微子能量。这些数据还将限制中微子与核子可能发生的奇异相互作用。此外，该团队将在NIST中子研究中心寻找液氦中奇偶数中子的自旋旋转，以及与物质的奇异自旋相关的中子相互作用。因此，这个项目将通过测量中子的衰减率来更好地从理论上预测大爆炸中的原始氦丰度。该团队将为安装在洛斯阿拉莫斯和橡树岭国家实验室的实验准备仪器，以搜索具有更高灵敏度的中子电偶极矩，以寻找新的时间反转违规源。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The strong interaction inside and between neutrons and protons, one of the four forces of nature, possesses some features that are poorly understood and other features that enable sensitive searches for new forces. The PI and his collaborators will measure different contributions to the angular momentum of the proton. The team will also search for nuclei which recoil from collisions with neutrinos and will use this data to search for new interactions and calibrate detectors to be used in the future to look for the neutrons from supernova explosions. In addition, the team will use neutrons to search for possible new forces of nature and measure the radioactive half life of free neutrons to test aspects of the Big Bang theory. The scientific impact of this work lies in the fields of nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. In the course of conducting these experiments the PIs will provide excellent opportunities for a thorough scientific and technical education to many young researchers. The sensitive instrumentation and techniques developed for this research can be applied to neutron imaging of magnetic fields inside materials. The theory of the strong interaction, QCD, is still the most poorly-understood part of the Standard Model of particles and interactions. This project will support several PIs at Indiana University to collaboratively pursue selected scientific questions in strong interaction physics. The team will probe the poorly-known gluon helicity and quark orbital motion contributions to the angular momentum of the proton by analyzing data from polarized proton-proton collisions measured in the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The PI and his collaborators will also measure coherent neutrino-nucleus cross sections in various nuclei, including argon in a liquid argon scintillation detector, for neutrino energies that would be produced in a supernova explosion. This data will also constrain possible exotic interactions of neutrinos with nucleons. In addition, the team will search for parity-odd neutron spin rotation in liquid helium and for exotic spin dependent neutron interactions with matter at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. As such, this project will make possible better theoretical predictions of the primordial helium abundance from the Big Bang by measuring the decay rate of the neutron. The team will prepare apparatus for experiments to be mounted at Los Alamos and Oak Ridge National Laboratories to search for an electric dipole moment of the neutron with improved sensitivity to search for new sources of time reversal violation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.