Collaborative Research: Bilateral BBSRC-NSF/BIO: Regulation of plant stomatal aperture by SAUR (Small Auxin Up RNA) proteins

合作研究：双边 BBSRC-NSF/BIO：SAUR（小生长素 Up RNA）蛋白调节植物气孔孔径

• 批准号: 1615557
• 负责人: Jason Reed
• 金额: $ 65.23万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1615557&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Bilateral; BBSRC; NSF

AbstractCollaborative Research: Bilateral BBSRC-NSF/BIO: Regulation of plant stomatal aperture by SAUR (Small Auxin Up RNA) proteins. Senior personnel: Jason Reed (PI, U. North Carolina), Punita Nagpal (co-PI, U. North Carolina), William Gray (PI, U. Minnesota), Michael Blatt (co-PI, U. Glasgow) The ultimate goal of the project is to understand how leaf physiology can be controlled to improve plant yield during drought. Stomata are pores on plant leaves whose regulation balances the demand for carbon dioxide uptake for photosynthesis against excessive water loss through transpiration. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating stomatal aperture could result in enhanced function, potentially leading to improved crop yields under drought and other environmental stresses. Research under this collaborative project will provide training for postdoctoral researchers and undergraduate students in diverse experimental and computational techniques and approaches at the University of North Carolina and University of Minnesota in the U.S. and the University of Glasgow in the U.K. Together with high school teachers, the researchers will also design and implement lesson plans for high school students on stomatal aperture and its relationship to plant water use and drought tolerance. Stomatal movements are critical for optimizing plant growth, and for adapting to changing environmental conditions including water availability, temperature, light, and CO2 levels. Stomatal opening and closing occur through changes in the turgor and shape of guard cells that flank each stomatal pore, which requires regulated movement of solutes and water across the plasma membrane and the tonoplast (vacuolar membrane). Mechanisms by which transporter activities are coordinated over the diurnal cycle and in variable environments are incompletely understood. The project will exploit two recent advances to elucidate stomatal aperture control. First, SAUR (Small Auxin Up RNA) proteins can promote stomatal opening, in part by regulating PP2C.D phosphatases that target membrane transporters. Second, computational models developed by the researchers enable simulations of guard cell physiology that can predict and explain effects of altered SAUR or PP2C.D regulation. A multidisciplinary approach including genetics, biochemistry, electrophysiology, and computational modeling will be used to determine mechanisms by which SAUR and PP2C.D proteins regulate stomatal aperture, whether different members of these families have different activities, and at what times and under what physiological conditions they act. The combined experimental and modeling approach will lead to understanding of novel mechanisms that regulate stomatal movements and integrate them into existing models of guard cell regulation. Such insights may suggest synthetic biology approaches to modify stomatal aperture or the kinetics of stomatal responses in crop plants, and enhance predictive models for the effects of environmental change on plant productivity. This collaborative US/UK project is supported by the US National Science Foundation and the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.

摘要合作研究：双边BBSRC-NSF/BIO：SAUR（小生长素上升RNA）蛋白对植物气孔开度的调节。高级人员：贾森里德（PI，美国。北卡罗来纳州），普尼塔纳格帕尔（共同PI，美国。北卡罗来纳州），威廉格雷（PI，美国。明尼苏达州），迈克尔布拉特（共同PI，美国。格拉斯哥）该项目的最终目标是了解如何在干旱期间控制叶片生理以提高植物产量。 气孔是植物叶片上的气孔，其调节平衡光合作用对二氧化碳吸收的需求和通过蒸腾作用的过度水分损失。更深入地了解调节气孔开度的分子和细胞机制可能会增强功能，从而可能提高干旱和其他环境胁迫下的作物产量。 该合作项目下的研究将为美国北卡罗来纳州大学和明尼苏达大学以及英国格拉斯哥大学的博士后研究人员和本科生提供各种实验和计算技术和方法的培训。研究人员还将与高中教师一起为高中学生设计和实施气孔孔径及其与植物水分利用和耐旱性的关系的课程计划。 气孔运动对于优化植物生长和适应不断变化的环境条件（包括水的可用性、温度、光照和CO2水平）至关重要。 气孔的开闭是通过气孔两侧保卫细胞的膨压和形状的变化而发生的，这需要溶质和水穿过质膜和液泡膜（液泡膜）的调节运动。 运输活动的昼夜周期和在可变的环境中进行协调的机制还不完全清楚。 该项目将利用两个最新进展来阐明气孔孔径控制。 首先，SAUR（小生长素上升RNA）蛋白可以促进气孔开放，部分通过调节PP 2C. D磷酸酶，目标膜转运蛋白。 其次，研究人员开发的计算模型能够模拟保卫细胞生理学，可以预测和解释改变SAUR或PP 2C. D调节的影响。 一个多学科的方法，包括遗传学，生物化学，电生理学和计算建模将被用来确定SAUR和PP2C.D蛋白调节气孔开度的机制，这些家庭的不同成员是否有不同的活动，以及在什么时间和在什么生理条件下，他们的行为。 结合实验和建模的方法将导致新的机制，调节气孔运动的理解，并将其整合到现有的保卫细胞调节模型。 这些见解可能会建议合成生物学方法来修改作物气孔孔径或气孔反应的动力学，并增强环境变化对植物生产力影响的预测模型。 这个美国/英国合作项目得到了美国国家科学基金会和英国生物技术和生物科学研究理事会的支持。