CSR: Small: Provably Correct Design of Observation for Fault Diagnosis and State Estimation under Privacy and Network Constraints

信息是网络物理系统运行的关键。例如，考虑设计一个监测系统的任务，该系统可以在安全关键的网络物理系统（如电网）运行期间检测故障。为此，监视器需要从网络物理系统中收集足够的信息，以区分潜在的故障操作和正常操作。另一方面，实用性和隐私性限制了可以收集的信息量。例如，可以部署的传感器数量可能是有限的。或者，系统所有者可能不希望共享某些信息。该项目解决了如何从网络物理系统的操作中提取信息以实现故障检测和控制的问题，同时尊重隐私等限制。这项工作将解决一些基础研究问题。Q1：为了故障诊断和状态估计的目的，是否可以使用可用的信息做出正确的推断？Q2：在不违反隐私约束的情况下，可以使用什么样的状态测量或观察来促进Q1的答案？Q3：当信息通过非理想的通信网络传输时，导致传输延迟或带宽有限，对Q1和Q2有何影响？该项目将开发一个框架，为上述所有问题提供可证明的正确答案。可证明的正确性来源于基于模型的方法。这些问题在这个框架中被抛出，并获得了可证明正确的状态测量（包括软件定义的传感器和在线监视器）、状态估计以及故障检测和隔离的设计过程。该项目的理论成果将在多个应用/测试平台上进行评估和实施，包括智能建筑测试平台、电力系统网络和生物信号网络。该项目的成功成果可能会影响复杂网络物理系统的设计和运行，其中使用分布式传感、状态估计和故障检测。这个项目的评价和执行活动将阐明更具体的方法，将理论结果应用于这些系统。

Information is key in the operation of cyber-physical systems. Consider, for example, the task of designing a monitoring system that can detect faults during the operation of a safety critical cyber-physical system, such as the power grid. To do so, the monitor needs to collect enough information from the cyber-physical system that can distinguish potential faulty operation from normal operation. On the other hand, practicality and privacy limit the amount of information that can be collected. For example, the number of sensors that can be deployed may be limited. Or, the system owner may not wish to share certain information. This project addresses the issue of determining how information can be extracted from the operation of a cyber-physical system to enable fault detection and control, while respecting limitations such as privacy.This work will address a number of fundamental research questions. Q1: Can the right inference be made using the available information, for the purposes of fault diagnosis and state estimation? Q2: What state measurement or observation can be made available to facilitate the answer to Q1 without violating privacy constraints? Q3: When the information is transmitted through a non-ideal communication network, resulting in transmission delay or limited bandwidth, how does it affect Q1 and Q2? This project will develop a framework that provides provably correct answers to all of the questions above. Provable correctness is derived from a model-based approach. The questions are cast in this framework, and obtain provably correct design procedures for state measurement (including software defined sensors and online monitors), state estimation, and fault detection and isolation. The theoretical outcomes from this project will be evaluated and implemented on a number of applications/testbeds, including a smart building testbed, power system networks, and biological signaling networks. Successful outcomes from this project may impact the design and operation of complex cyber-physical systems where distributed sensing, state estimation, and fault detection are used. The evaluation and implementation activities in this project will elucidate more concrete ways the theoretical results can be applied to such systems.