Pilotstudie zur Evolution jungpaläozoischer Insekten im Souss-Becken, Marokko

昆虫生物地层学已被证明是划分和对比欧洲和诺德晚古生代陆相沉积最精确的方法之一。该方法是基于时间序列的颜色模式的翅膀上的蟑螂昆虫（蟑螂），家庭Spiloblattinidae。它们被认为是时间物种，并用于昆虫生物带的定义。不幸的是，关于古生物学和进化的基本问题到目前为止仍然完全开放。这些问题主要涉及斑鳃类的演化过程、分布动态（古生物地理学和迁移模式）以及与整个昆虫区系和植物群的关系。在这一未来更大项目的试点研究中，应分析摩洛哥苏斯盆地1 200米厚的异常昆虫丰富的石炭纪矿床剖面，以确定是否适合就上述基本问题检验以下备选假设：颜色图案的变化是一个连续的过程，就系统进化或进化而言，渐进主义分别的时间渐变的单一形式，必须被视为长期生活的生物种，或者它是替代punctalism？假设二：在整个欧美分布区，花色变化的时间顺序（受遗传因素控制）是相同的，还是在不同地区、不同时期出现相似的花色？假设3：收集昆虫在苏斯盆地迄今已交付单独的小蠊，其中占主导地位的旱生opsiomylacrids。这是一种取样偏差，还是一种埋藏效应，还是由低地/高地或沿海/内陆昆虫动物群仍然明显的分化造成的？在中欧的石炭纪和二叠纪盆地中，含虫层仅零星地夹在数千米厚的剖面中。 根据同位素年龄计算，斑状花岗岩类的层位彼此相接，约为500，000 y至1 My。在这个序列中，地带种显示出明显明显不同的颜色图案。苏斯盆地的含昆虫沉积物厚度为1，200米。假定沉积速率为每年2至5毫米，这一剖面代表大约25万至60万年。在剖面的最低和最高部分已经发现了昆虫。密集的湖相序列将允许连续采样的斑鳃类。在此基础上，将有可能确定颜色图案随时间变化的方式。 总体而言，该研究对晚古生代昆虫和环境的演化、演化理论和陆相层序生物地层学方法学都有重要贡献。

The insect-biostratigraphy has proven as one of the most precise methods for the subdivision and correlation of Late Palaeozoic terrestrial deposits in Europe and Nord America. The method is based on the temporal sequence of colour patterns on the wings of blattid insects (cockroaches), family Spiloblattinidae. They are regarded as chrono-species and used for the definition of the insect-biozones. Unfortunately, basic question regarding the palaeobiology and evolution remain completely open so far. These essentially concern the kind of evolutionary processes, areal dynamics of genera and species in Euramerica (palaeobiogeography and migration pattern) as well as the palecology (synecology) of spiloblattinids, i.e. the relationships to the whole entomofauna and to the flora as well. In this pilot-study of a larger future project the 1,200 m thick profile of unusual insect-rich Carboniferous deposits of the Souss basin in Morocco should be analysed whether it is suitable to test the following alternative hypothesis in regard to the abovementioned basiuc questions:Hypothesis 1: Are the changes in the colour pattern a continuous process in respect of phyletic evolution or anagenesis/gradualism respectively of chronoclines of single forms which must regarded as long living biospecies, or is it alternatively punctualism?Hypothesis 2: Is the chronological sequence of changing colour pattern (controlled by genetic factors) in the whole euramerican distribution area isochronous or appear similar colour pattern in different regions at different times?Hypothesis 3: Collection of insects in the Souss basin has so far delivered solely blattids, among them dominating xeromorphic opsiomylacrids. Is it a sampling bias or is it a taphonomic effect or is it caused by the still pronounced differentiation of lowland/upland or coastal/inland entomofaunas?In the Central European Carboniferous and Permian basins insect-containing horizons are only sporadically intercalated in several thousand meters thick profiles. Calculated on isotopic ages horizons with spiloblattinids follow one another with about 500,000 y to 1 My. In this sequence zone-species show distinctly pronounced different colour pattern. The insect bearing sediments of the Souss basin have a thickness of 1,200 m. Sedimentation rates of 2 to 5 mm per year assumed, this profile represent about 250,000 to 600,000 years. Insects have already been found in the lowermost and uppermost parts of the profile. The dense sequence of lake horizons will allow for continuous sampling of spiloblattinids. Based on that it will be possible, to determine the way of colour pattern changes through time. On the whole, a significant contribution to the evolution of Late Palaeozoic insects and of here environments, to evolution theories and to the methodology of biostratigraphy in terrestrial sequences could be expected.