权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Collaborative Research: Understanding and Optimizing Dynamic Stimulation for Improvement of Short- and Long-term Brain Function

合作研究：理解和优化动态刺激以改善短期和长期大脑功能

基本信息

批准号：
1635542
负责人：
Jeffrey Moehlis
金额：
$ 24.91万
依托单位：
University of California-Santa Barbara
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1635542&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Understanding Optimizing Dynamic

项目摘要

The brain is an amazing organ which is responsible for a number of important functions including cognition, attention, emotion, perception, memory, and motor control. Many brain functions and disorders are believed to have a dynamical origin; for example, it has been hypothesized that some symptoms of Parkinson's disease are due to pathologically synchronized neural activity in the motor control region of the brain. Recent research suggests that an FDA-approved treatment for Parkinsonian tremors, called deep brain stimulation, is effective because it partially desynchronizes the neural activity via clustering, in which neurons in a subpopulation are synchronized with each other, but desynchronized with neurons in other subpopulations. This research will use engineering techniques, mathematical principles, computer simulations, and in vitro experiments to develop more energy-efficient electrical current stimuli which promote such clustering. Moreover, stimuli will be developed which enhance beneficial neural plasticity in which neurons change their connection strengths based on their activity patterns, work that may be important for treatment of diseases and for situations in which plasticity is desirable such as learning, memory, and recovery from strokes and spinal cord injury.This research will use engineering techniques, mathematical principles, computer simulations, and in vitro experiments to develop efficient electrical stimuli for controlling neural populations in beneficial ways. This will include designing power-minimized stimuli which cause a neural population to split into balanced clusters, in which each cluster contains a nearly identical proportion of the overall population and neighboring clusters are roughly equally spaced in phase, a state of partial desynchronization which recent work suggests is responsible for the success of the standard protocol for deep brain stimulation treatment of Parkinson's disease. Moreover, Hebbian models for synaptic plasticity will be used in combination with optimal control theory to design stimuli which optimally promote plasticity to give beneficial long-term changes in synaptic connections, work which is expected to have important implications for Parkinson's disease and other disorders such as epilepsy and depression, and for situations in which plasticity is desirable such as learning, memory, and recovery from strokes and spinal cord injury. The plasticity studies will also include in vitro brain slice experiments in which neurons will be synchronized to an oscillating electric field and stimulation applied through an electrode to generate balanced clusters, whose effect on synaptic strengths will be measured.

大脑是一个神奇的器官，它负责许多重要的功能，包括认知、注意力、情感、感知、记忆和运动控制。许多脑功能和紊乱被认为有一个动力学的起源；例如，有人假设帕金森病的一些症状是由于大脑运动控制区的病理同步神经活动引起的。最近的研究表明，美国食品和药物管理局（fda）批准的一种治疗帕金森震颤的方法，称为深部脑刺激，是有效的，因为它通过聚类部分地使神经活动不同步，在聚类中，一个亚群的神经元彼此同步，但与其他亚群的神经元不同步。这项研究将使用工程技术、数学原理、计算机模拟和体外实验来开发更节能的电流刺激，以促进这种聚集。此外，将开发增强有益神经可塑性的刺激，其中神经元根据其活动模式改变其连接强度，这可能对疾病的治疗和可塑性需要的情况（如学习，记忆和从中风和脊髓损伤中恢复）很重要。这项研究将使用工程技术、数学原理、计算机模拟和体外实验来开发有效的电刺激，以有益的方式控制神经群。这将包括设计功率最小化的刺激，使神经群体分裂成平衡的集群，其中每个集群包含几乎相同比例的总体人口，相邻集群在相位上大致相等间隔，一种部分不同步的状态，最近的工作表明，这是成功的标准方案的原因深部脑刺激治疗帕金森病。此外，突触可塑性的Hebbian模型将与最优控制理论结合使用，以设计最优促进可塑性的刺激，从而使突触连接产生有益的长期变化，这项工作有望对帕金森病和其他疾病（如癫痫和抑郁症）以及需要可塑性的情况（如学习、记忆、中风和脊髓损伤的恢复）产生重要影响。可塑性研究还将包括体外脑切片实验，在该实验中，神经元将与振荡电场同步，并通过电极施加刺激以产生平衡簇，其对突触强度的影响将被测量。