RIDIR: Collaborative Research: Portal to Data and Analysis Tools (P->DAT): Enabling Data-Intensive Research in the Urban Sciences on Linked, Large-Scale Records

RIDIR：协作研究：数据和分析工具门户 (P->DAT)：实现城市科学中关联的大规模记录的数据密集型研究

• 批准号: 1637136
• 负责人: Robert Sampson
• 金额: $ 53万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2019-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1637136&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RIDIR; Collaborative; Research; Portal; Data

This project will produce a new online portal of data, analytic tools, and research studies that will advance the urban sciences and improve the capacity for urban governance in the digital age. The Portal to Data and Analysis Tools, or P-DAT, builds on the Boston Area Research Initiative, an inter-university partnership that conducts a comprehensive urban research agenda. The portal will integrate large-scale administrative, social media, and mobile phone data across time and space in greater Boston; develop analytic tools that transform the data into research-ready forms; and create an interactive context where the data can be browsed, merged, mapped, analyzed, and downloaded. The online portal will offer a real-time window into the social, behavioral, and economic dynamics of the city, thus permitting users to address a broad range of questions in the urban sciences that previously they could not. Because cities like Boston constitute a stage upon which nearly all aspects of human behavior occur, played out across the diversity of neighborhoods and social contexts that constitute the urban landscape, P-DAT will not only advance our understanding of the city, but also of human behavior and society more broadly. The data sources that will be united in the online portal include millions of requests by citizens for government services (by type), crime incidents, health emergencies, census data over time, millions of social media posts, both public and private transportation use, and GPS tracking of cell phone use. To make these data accessible, P-DAT will develop analytic tools, or econometrics, that will translate the raw data into reliable and valid measures of the physical and social characteristics of the Boston metropolitan area¡¦s ecology, be it an address, street, or neighborhood. Tools that automatically generate these measures and then merge them according to shared geographic referents will be a critical part of the portal's infrastructure and documentation, creating a cumulative body of knowledge and facilitating analysis across data sources. The project will also demonstrate the utility of the data portal by addressing core scientific questions on the social structure and dynamics of the urban processes. Theoretically motivated questions to be studied include the sources and consequences of how neighborhoods are socially and physically organized, the nature of social and economic exchanges between neighborhoods (e.g., commuting patterns and human activity flows), and how the institutions of a city (e.g., police, schools, health agencies) interact with local neighborhoods. All analysis results and data will be made public in a usable form to both researchers and policymakers.

该项目将建立一个新的数据、分析工具和研究研究的在线门户，以促进城市科学的发展，提高数字时代城市治理的能力。数据和分析工具门户，或P-DAT，建立在波士顿地区研究倡议的基础上，这是一个大学之间的合作伙伴关系，实施全面的城市研究议程。该门户将整合大波士顿地区跨越时间和空间的大规模行政、社交媒体和移动电话数据；开发分析工具，将数据转换为可供研究使用的形式；并创建可浏览、合并、映射、分析和下载数据的交互环境。在线门户将提供一个实时窗口，了解城市的社会、行为和经济动态，从而允许用户解决以前无法解决的城市科学中的广泛问题。因为像波士顿这样的城市构成了一个舞台，人类行为的几乎所有方面都发生在这个舞台上，表现在构成城市景观的不同社区和社会背景中，P-DAT不仅将促进我们对城市的理解，也将促进我们对人类行为和社会的更广泛的理解。将在在线门户中统一的数据来源包括数百万公民对政府服务的请求(按类型)、犯罪事件、卫生紧急情况、一段时间内的人口普查数据、数百万条社交媒体帖子(公共和私人交通使用情况)，以及对手机使用情况的GPS跟踪。为了使这些数据可用，P-DAT将开发分析工具或计量经济学，将原始数据转化为可靠和有效的措施，以衡量波士顿大都市区--S生态的物理和社会特征，无论是地址、街道还是社区。自动生成这些测量并随后根据共享的地理参照将其合并的工具将是门户基础设施和文档的关键部分，从而创建累积的知识体系并促进跨数据源的分析。该项目还将通过解决关于城市进程的社会结构和动态的核心科学问题，展示数据门户的用途。要研究的理论动机问题包括社区如何进行社会和物理组织的来源和后果，社区之间社会和经济交流的性质(例如，通勤模式和人类活动流动)，以及城市的机构(例如，警察、学校、卫生机构)如何与当地社区互动。所有分析结果和数据都将以可用的形式向研究人员和政策制定者公开。

项目成果

Neighbourhood effects and beyond: Explaining the paradoxes of inequality in the changing American metropolis

• DOI: 10.1177/0042098018795363
• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: Urban Studies
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: R. Sampson

The Social Integration of American Cities: Network Measures of Connectedness Based on Everyday Mobility Across Neighborhoods

• DOI: 10.1177/0049124119852386
• 发表时间: 2019-07-17
• 期刊: SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Phillips, Nolan E.;Levy, Brian L.;Wang, Ryan Q.
• 通讯作者: Wang, Ryan Q.

Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614433114
• 发表时间: 2017-01
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: R. Sampson

The Gains of Greater Granularity: The Presence and Persistence of Problem Properties in Urban Neighborhoods

更大粒度的收益：城市社区中问题房产的存在和持续存在

• DOI: 10.1007/s10940-016-9330-9
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of Quantitative Criminology
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: O’Brien, Daniel Tumminelli;Winship, Christopher
• 通讯作者: Winship, Christopher