LTER-Plum Island Ecosystems: Dynamics of coastal ecosystems in a region of rapid climate change, sea-level rise, and human impacts

LTER-普拉姆岛生态系统：气候快速变化、海平面上升和人类影响地区沿海生态系统的动态

• 批准号: 1637630
• 负责人: Anne Giblin
• 金额: $ 676.15万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1637630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Plum; Island; Ecosystems; Dynamics

The Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) site is developing a predictive understanding of the response of a linked watershed-marsh-estuarine system in northeastern Massachusetts to rapid environmental change. Over the last 30 years, surface sea water temperatures in the adjacent Gulf of Maine have risen at 3 times the global average, rates of sea-level rise have accelerated, and precipitation has increased. Coupled with these changes in climate and sea level are substantial changes within the rapidly urbanizing watersheds that influence water, sediment, and nutrient delivery to the marsh and estuary. In PIE IV the research focus is on: Dynamics of coastal ecosystems in a region of rapid climate change, sea-level rise, and human impacts. This work will advance our understanding of how the structure and function of coastal ecosystems will be altered over the next several decades and beyond. Because of their position at the land-sea interface, coastal ecosystems are particularly threatened by human activities in watersheds and to sea-level rise. PIE research will address both fundamental ecological questions as well as provide critical information on how to manage these systems. For example, it will help us understand how species changes in a complex interaction network result in changes to the abundance of key species, food web structure, and energy flow. PIE research will also improve our understanding of the importance of the coastal zone to regional and global carbon and nitrogen budgets and advance our ability to model biogeochemistry at the ecosystem scale in a spatially explicit framework. Finally, it will provide a greater mechanistic understanding of biogeomorphic feedbacks that will be essential in future conservation efforts. The investigators will continue their award winning Schoolyard program, "Salt Marsh Science", which serves over 1,000 students in grades 5-12 in ten schools each year. In collaboration with the Gulf of Maine Institute PIE LTER is developing a new initiative with local Middlesex Community College. By providing flexible paid internships with academic credit, PIE will be able to reach students from economically and ethnically diverse backgrounds who might not otherwise consider STEM careers. Outreach is important to PIE scientists. Activities include scientific collaborations outside PIE and with local, state and federal agencies, involvement in the Marine Biological Laboratory science journalism program, and partnership with Mass Coastal Zone Management in conducting marsh elevation surveys. PIE scientists currently serve on panels or advisory groups for US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and many state and local agencies. All data collected by the PIE LTER are centralized and made available to the public through a web site http://pie-lter.ecosystems.mbl.edu/.Researchers at PIE will test how internal feedbacks within the marsh-estuary ecosystem influence the response of geomorphology, biogeochemistry, and food webs to three major drivers: climate, sea-level rise, and human alteration of the watershed. They anticipate large changes in the geomorphology of the marsh and estuary over the next several decades. They hypothesize that major feedbacks are exerted through sediment dynamics, changes in hydrology, alterations of carbon and nitrogen cycles, species interactions, and species introduction or loss due to warming. Positive biogeomorphic feedbacks within the marsh ecosystem will likely contribute to marsh persistence while sea level rises, but they hypothesize that PIE is moving from a predominantly high-elevation marsh to a lower elevation marsh, with less overall wetland, more open water, and more marsh edge. These changes will greatly impact estuarine biogeochemistry, primary production, and community dynamics. PIE IV will address three questions: Q1) How will the geomorphic configuration of the marsh and estuary be altered by changes in the watershed, sea-level rise, climate change, and feedbacks internal to the coastal system?; Q2) How will changing climate, watershed inputs, and marsh geomorphology interact to alter marsh and estuarine primary production, organic matter storage, and nutrient cycling?; and Q3) How will key consumer dynamics and estuarine food webs be reshaped by changing environmental drivers, marsh-estuarine geomorphology and biogeochemistry? Cross-system comparisons with other LTERs along gradients of temperature, species composition, tidal range, and sediment supply will further our understanding of long-term change in coastal ecosystems.

梅岛生态系统（PIE） LTER（长期生态研究）站点正在开发一种对马萨诸塞州东北部一个相连的流域-沼泽-河口系统对快速环境变化的响应的预测性理解。在过去的30年里，邻近缅因湾的海水表面温度上升了全球平均水平的3倍，海平面上升速度加快，降水增加。伴随着这些气候和海平面的变化，在快速城市化的流域内发生了实质性的变化，影响了向沼泽和河口的水、沉积物和营养物质的输送。PIE IV的研究重点是：快速气候变化、海平面上升和人类影响地区的沿海生态系统动态。这项工作将促进我们对沿海生态系统的结构和功能在未来几十年乃至更长时间内将如何改变的理解。沿海生态系统由于处于陆海交界，特别容易受到流域人类活动和海平面上升的威胁。PIE研究将解决基本的生态问题，并提供如何管理这些系统的关键信息。例如，它将帮助我们了解在复杂的相互作用网络中物种的变化如何导致关键物种的丰度、食物网结构和能量流的变化。PIE研究还将提高我们对海岸带对区域和全球碳氮收支的重要性的理解，并提高我们在空间明确框架内生态系统尺度上模拟生物地球化学的能力。最后，它将提供对生物地貌反馈的更大的机制理解，这对未来的保护工作至关重要。调查人员将继续他们的获奖校园项目“盐沼科学”，该项目每年为10所学校5-12年级的1000多名学生提供服务。与缅因湾研究所合作，PIE LTER正在与当地的米德尔塞克斯社区学院开展一项新的倡议。通过提供灵活的带薪实习和学分，PIE将能够接触到来自不同经济和种族背景的学生，否则他们可能不会考虑STEM职业。外联对PIE科学家来说很重要。活动包括PIE以外的科学合作以及与地方，州和联邦机构的合作，参与海洋生物实验室科学新闻计划，并与大规模沿海地带管理合作进行沼泽高程调查。PIE的科学家目前在美国环境保护署（EPA）、国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）、美国鱼类和野生动物管理局（USFWS）以及许多州和地方机构的小组或咨询小组任职。PIE LTER收集的所有数据都集中在一起，并通过PIE的一个网站http://pie-lter.ecosystems.mbl.edu/.Researchers向公众提供。该网站将测试沼泽-河口生态系统内部反馈如何影响地貌、生物地球化学和食物网对三个主要驱动因素的响应：气候、海平面上升和人类对流域的改变。他们预计，在未来几十年里，沼泽和河口的地貌将发生巨大变化。他们假设，主要的反馈是通过沉积物动力学、水文变化、碳氮循环的变化、物种相互作用以及物种因变暖而引入或消失来发挥作用的。当海平面上升时，沼泽生态系统内的积极生物地貌反馈可能有助于沼泽的持续存在，但他们假设PIE正在从主要的高海拔沼泽向低海拔沼泽移动，整体湿地减少，开阔水域增加，沼泽边缘增加。这些变化将极大地影响河口生物地球化学、初级生产和群落动态。PIE IV将解决三个问题：Q1)流域、海平面上升、气候变化和沿海系统内部反馈的变化将如何改变沼泽和河口的地貌配置？气候变化、流域输入和沼泽地貌如何相互作用，改变沼泽和河口初级生产、有机质储存和养分循环？Q3)环境驱动因素、沼泽-河口地貌和生物地球化学的变化将如何重塑关键的消费者动态和河口食物网？沿着温度、物种组成、潮差和沉积物供应的梯度与其他LTERs进行跨系统比较，将进一步加深我们对沿海生态系统长期变化的理解。

项目成果

Four Fundamental Questions to Evaluate Land Change Models with an Illustration of a Cellular Automata–Markov Model

• DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2023.2232435
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: Annals of the American Association of Geographers
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Cláudia M. Viana;R. Pontius;J. Rocha

The Flow Matrix Offers a Straightforward Alternative to the Problematic Markov Matrix

• DOI: 10.3390/land12071471
• 发表时间: 2023-07-01
• 期刊: LAND
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Strzempko，Jessica;Pontius Jr，Robert Gilmore
• 通讯作者: Pontius Jr，Robert Gilmore

Hydro-morphodynamics triggered by extreme riverine floods in a mega fluvial-tidal delta

大型河流潮汐三角洲极端河流洪水引发的水流形态动力学

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152076
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Science of The Total Environment
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Wang, Jie;Dai, Zhijun;Fagherazzi, Sergio;Zhang, Xiaohe;Liu, Xiaoqiang
• 通讯作者: Liu, Xiaoqiang

The density of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab (Minuca pugnax, Smith, 1870) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) in its expanded range in the Gulf of Maine, USA

美国缅因湾大西洋沼泽招潮蟹（Minuca pugnax, Smith, 1870）（十足目：Brachura：Ocypodidae）在其扩展范围内的密度

• DOI: 10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa049
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Crustacean Biology
• 影响因子: 1.1
• 作者: Martínez-Soto, Kayla S;Johnson, David S
• 通讯作者: Johnson, David S

A climate migrant escapes its parasites

气候移民摆脱了寄生虫

• DOI: 10.3354/meps13278
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Marine Ecology Progress Series
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Johnson, DS;Shields, JD;Doucette, D;Heard, R
• 通讯作者: Heard, R