LTER: Plum Island Ecosystems, the impact of changing landscapes and climate on interconnected coastal ecosystems

LTER：普拉姆岛生态系统，景观和气候变化对相互关联的沿海生态系统的影响

• 批准号: 2224608
• 负责人: Anne Giblin
• 金额: $ 765万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2028-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2224608&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Plum; Island; Ecosystems; impact

The Plum Island Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (PIE LTER) site consists of a linked watershed-marsh-estuarine system connected to the Gulf of Maine. The goal of the PIE LTER is to advance our predictive understanding of the long-term response of coupled land-marsh-estuary-ocean ecosystems to changes in three key drivers: climate, sea level and human activities. This research sheds light on how marshes are responding to sea-level rise and controls on carbon storage, or blue carbon, in marsh and estuarine ecosystems. To understand how nutrients and carbon from land influence the estuary and how marshes and estuaries contribute to oceanic carbon and nutrient budgets, the investigators are measuring the flows of carbon and nutrients across the watershed-to-ocean continuum. To understand how estuarine and marsh ecosystem food webs are changing with sea level rise and warming temperatures, the investigators are measuring changes in abundance of key species and analyzing the entire food web using tracer techniques. This information is being shared with managers from local, regional and federal agencies, as well as non-profit orgainzations. In collaboration with Mass Audubon the investigators are running a K-12 Schoolyard program, “Salt Marsh Science”, which provides ten schools with experiential learning opportunities for students and teachers. They also work with the Gulf of Maine Institute (GOMI), a non-profit that provides intensive training and on-going support to teachers to help them develop environmental community-based stewardship projects. The PIE LTER is organized around three questions that build on previous findings and integrate long-term studies with new observations, experiments, and model development. Activities within the three questions integrate across the entire watershed-marsh-estuary domain to facilitate a broader synthesis of long-term data and new observations. The first question is: “How are the sources and fates of organic matter and nutrients in the linked watershed/estuary system being altered by changing land use, sea-level rise (SLR), climate, and geomorphology?” To answer this, the investigators are examining how the linked coastal system influences estuarine production and water quality, as well as the role of coastal ecosystems in modulating carbon and nutrient fluxes to the nearshore ocean through a combination of expanded observations and numerical modeling. The second question, “How do food webs and energy flow respond to new geomorphic configurations, SLR, changing climate, and associated estuarine responses?” is being answered through a new integrative effort to determine how the landscapes’ ability to transfer energy to food webs changes with habitat. This effort is combining long-term abundance data, stable isotope data on niche size, and mapping of landscape features to model how future changes in the marsh-estuary configuration will modify energy flow. Given the importance of coastal ecosystems in supporting nearshore food webs, understanding how this link will change with climate, land use change, and SLR is critical. Finally, the investigators are asking: “What internal feedbacks might accelerate, slow down, or even reverse the predicted changes in emergent marsh configuration and the fate of carbon, nutrients and energy?” Society needs to understand more about internal feedbacks that might increase marsh resilience or compromise marsh survival as sea levels rise, systems warm, and watershed inputs continue to change. With new collaborations, the team is also leveraging large-scale marsh restoration to test hypotheses on feedback mechanisms within the system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

梅子岛生态系统长期生态研究(PIE LTER)地点由一个连接到缅因湾的分水岭-沼泽-河口系统组成。PIE LTER的目标是促进我们对陆地-沼泽-河口-海洋耦合生态系统对三个关键驱动因素变化的长期反应的预测性理解：气候、海平面和人类活动。这项研究揭示了沼泽对海平面上升的反应，以及对沼泽和河口生态系统中碳储存或蓝碳的控制。为了了解来自陆地的营养物质和碳如何影响河口，以及沼泽和河口如何对海洋碳和营养物质收支做出贡献，研究人员正在测量从分水岭到海洋的碳和营养物质的流动。为了了解河口和沼泽生态系统的食物网是如何随着海平面上升和气温变暖而变化的，研究人员正在测量关键物种丰度的变化，并使用示踪技术分析整个食物网。这些信息正在与地方、地区和联邦机构以及非营利性组织的管理人员共享。调查人员正在与麻省理工学院合作，开展一项名为“盐沼科学”的K-12校园项目，为10所学校的学生和教师提供体验式学习机会。他们还与缅因湾研究所(Gomi)合作，这是一个非营利性组织，为教师提供强化培训和持续支持，帮助他们发展基于社区的环境管理项目。PIE LTER围绕三个问题进行组织，这些问题建立在之前的发现基础上，并将长期研究与新的观察、实验和模型开发相结合。这三个问题中的活动结合了整个分水岭-沼泽-河口领域，以便于更广泛地综合长期数据和新的观测结果。第一个问题是：“土地利用、海平面上升(SLR)、气候和地貌的变化如何改变相关流域/河口系统中有机质和营养物质的来源和命运？”为了回答这个问题，研究人员正在通过扩大观测和数值模拟相结合的方法，研究连接在一起的海岸系统如何影响河口的产量和水质，以及沿海生态系统在调节流向近岸海洋的碳和营养物质通量方面的作用。第二个问题，“食物网和能量流如何对新的地貌形态、SLR、气候变化和相关的河口反应作出反应？”通过一项新的综合努力来确定景观将能量转移到食物网的能力如何随着栖息地的变化而变化。这项工作结合了长期的丰度数据、关于生态位大小的稳定同位素数据和景观特征地图，以模拟未来沼泽-河口结构的变化将如何改变能量流。鉴于沿海生态系统在支持近岸食物网方面的重要性，了解这种联系将如何随着气候、土地利用变化和SLR而变化是至关重要的。最后，研究人员问道：“什么样的内部反馈可能会加速、减缓甚至逆转新兴沼泽结构以及碳、营养和能源命运的预测变化？”社会需要更多地了解内部反馈，因为随着海平面上升、系统变暖和分水岭输入继续变化，内部反馈可能会增加湿地的弹性或危及湿地的生存。通过新的合作，该团队还利用大规模沼泽恢复来测试关于系统内反馈机制的假设。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Quantifying Flow Velocities in River Deltas via Remotely Sensed Suspended Sediment Concentration

通过遥感悬浮泥沙浓度量化河流三角洲的流速

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl101392
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Donatelli, Carmine;Passalacqua, Paola;Wright, Kyle;Salter, Gerard;Lamb, Michael P.;Jensen, Daniel;Fagherazzi, Sergio
• 通讯作者: Fagherazzi, Sergio

Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems

频繁的风暴潮影响沿海生态系统的地下水

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl100191
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Nordio, Giovanna;Frederiks, Ryan;Hingst, Mary;Carr, Joel;Kirwan, Matt;Gedan, Keryn;Michael, Holly;Fagherazzi, Sergio
• 通讯作者: Fagherazzi, Sergio

Recovery of salt marsh vegetation after ice-rafting

• DOI: 10.3354/meps14294
• 发表时间: 2023-05-04
• 期刊: MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Nordio，Giovanna;Fagherazzi，Sergio
• 通讯作者: Fagherazzi，Sergio

Quantifying the Importance of Ice-Rafted Debris to Salt Marsh Sedimentation Using High Resolution UAS Imagery

使用高分辨率无人机图像量化冰筏碎片对盐沼沉积的重要性

• DOI: 10.3390/rs14215499
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Stopak, Sarah;Nordio, Giovanna;Fagherazzi, Sergio
• 通讯作者: Fagherazzi, Sergio