Physical activity and body weight maintenance: What is the molecular link?

身体活动和体重维持：分子联系是什么？

• 批准号: 225914781
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Mathias Treier
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Clinical Research Units
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/225914781?language=en
• 关键词: Physical; activity; body; weight; maintenance

Reduced physical activity is a major component of the obesity epidemic and enforced physical activity has been shown to be beneficial for weight maintenance after caloric restriction by increasing energy expenditure. Energy expenditure of an organism is the result of 3 components: the basal metabolic rate that accounts for about 60% and is mainly determined by the weight of our muscles, thermogenesis (10%), which is required for food digestion, and overall physical activity (30%). From these three parameters physical activity is obviously the most variable one. However, the genetic and molecular factors that determine our physical activity are not well understood. Although it has been generally assumed that the metabolic state is the major parameter that influences our physical activity we could demonstrate that physical activity has a genetic component. The difficulties to maintain body weight after caloric restriction may thus be due to the fact that the weight gain in the first place was caused from reduced physical activity as a result of their genetic composition. Thus the weight regain after diet induced weight losses could be explained by a genetic drive towards a reduced physical activity leading to a vicious cycle In this proposal we therefore want to further delineate the molecular and genetic mechanisms and particularly the neuronal circuitries that regulate physical activity. Identification of the genetic components and molecular mechanisms that determine physical activity should allow us to identify polymorphisms in humans that predispose them to obesity due to genetic variations causing reduced physical activity. Furthermore, this knowledge might ultimately result in the development of targeted life style or targeted pharmacological intervention strategies for obese patients who have an unfavourable genetic composition with respect to their physical activity pattern leading to weight regain after caloric restriction.

减少身体活动是肥胖流行的主要组成部分，并且已经显示出，通过增加能量消耗，在热量限制之后，加强身体活动对于体重维持是有益的。生物体的能量消耗是由3个部分组成的：基础代谢率约占60%，主要由我们肌肉的重量决定，产热（10%），这是食物消化所需的，以及整体身体活动（30%）。从这三个参数中，身体活动显然是最可变的。然而，决定我们身体活动的遗传和分子因素还没有得到很好的理解。虽然人们通常认为代谢状态是影响我们身体活动的主要参数，但我们可以证明身体活动具有遗传成分。因此，热量限制后难以保持体重可能是由于这样一个事实，即体重增加首先是由于他们的遗传组成导致的体力活动减少。因此，饮食引起的体重减轻后的体重恢复可以通过遗传驱动减少体力活动导致恶性循环来解释。因此，我们希望进一步阐明分子和遗传机制，特别是调节体力活动的神经元回路。确定决定体力活动的遗传成分和分子机制应该使我们能够确定人类中的多态性，这些多态性使他们容易肥胖，因为遗传变异导致体力活动减少。此外，这一知识可能最终导致针对肥胖患者的有针对性的生活方式或有针对性的药物干预策略的发展，这些患者在其身体活动模式方面具有不利的遗传组成，导致热量限制后体重反弹。