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MSB-FRA: The influence of biological diversity on land-atmosphere exchange in forests: confronting theory with data

MSB-FRA：生物多样性对森林陆地-大气交换的影响：理论与数据的对峙

基本信息

批准号：
1638688
负责人：
Scott Ollinger
金额：
$ 124.41万
依托单位：
University of New Hampshire
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-11-01 至 2022-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1638688&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
MSB FRA influence biological diversity

项目摘要

Biological diversity is important to human well-being and to the maintenance of a healthy environment. Without an array of species inhabiting a range of environments, the cycles of water, nutrients and biomass on which life depends would be severely compromised. Despite this, understanding exactly how diversity influences specific environmental processes is challenging. Although there are theories describing the influence of plant species diversity on environmental processes, they?ve primarily been tested in grasslands and other systems dominated by small plants, where diversity can be manipulated through planting and weeding. Forests present a challenge because the size and lifespans of trees make it difficult to conduct manipulative diversity experiments and because natural diversity gradients also vary in climate, making results difficult to interpret. Overcoming this hurdle is critical given the importance of forests to many environmental processes and the degree to which forest diversity is declining. This award will examine whether theories of biological diversity and environmental processes that have been largely tested in small-statured ecosystems also apply to macro-scale processes over North American forests. By integrating data on carbon, water, and energy exchanges between forests and the atmosphere, remote sensing of forest diversity, and field measurements, will enable the development of forest diversity for the US and the relationship to land-atmosphere exchange of carbon and water. It will quantify the important role of forests in the Earth system and the degree to which forest diversity is declining. The award will involve undergraduate and graduate students in all phases of the project, and through additional activities that bring new methods of remote sensing to private citizens, teachers and students at multiple levels. This will be accomplished through workshops and through development of focused activities that can be adopted by teachers and used in the classroom. The undergraduates working on the project will participate in the University of New Hampshire?s Undergraduate Research Conference (URC), one of the largest undergraduate research events in the country. Understanding how diversity influences specific ecosystem and earth system functions within individual biomes is extremely difficult and is considered one of the grand challenges in ecology. Meeting this challenge is important given the number of species worldwide that have already gone extinct or have been threatened by habitat loss, pests and pathogens, harvesting, competition from non-native species, pollution, and climate change. This award will examine the effects of tree diversity in forests across the U.S. on the uptake of CO2, the transfer of water from soils to the atmosphere, and on the stability of these processes in response to climate variability. The award will test the following specific hypotheses:(A) Biological diversity in North American forests has a positive effect on primary production and a negative effect on evapotranspiration, leading to increased water use efficiency. (B) Forests with high levels of diversity are less susceptible to extreme events and exhibit less temporal variability in carbon and water fluxes in response to climate fluctuations than low-diversity forests. These hypotheses will be addressed by bringing together several unique sources of data that have not previously been used to address this question. First, the research sites to be used are equipped with instrumented towers that make detailed measurements of CO2 and water vapor above the forest canopy, as well as a range of climate and ecological variables. Second, advanced remote sensing instruments will be used to measure tree canopy diversity in ways that field surveys alone cannot. These data will come from unmanned aerial systems as well as instruments that are part of the National Ecological Observatory. Through the unique nature of these data sets and advanced methods of data analysis, results will be used to quantify the specific signature of diversity on important processes at a broad geographic scale.

生物多样性对人类福祉和维持健康的环境十分重要。如果没有一系列物种栖息在各种环境中，生命所依赖的水、营养和生物量的循环将受到严重损害。尽管如此，准确了解多样性如何影响特定的环境过程仍然具有挑战性。虽然有理论描述植物物种多样性对环境过程的影响，他们？我们主要在草地和其他以小型植物为主的系统中进行了测试，在这些系统中，可以通过种植和除草来操纵多样性。森林是一个挑战，因为树木的大小和寿命使其难以进行可操作的多样性实验，而且自然多样性梯度也因气候而异，使结果难以解释。鉴于森林对许多环境进程的重要性以及森林多样性正在下降的程度，克服这一障碍至关重要。该奖项将研究生物多样性和环境过程的理论，这些理论在小规模生态系统中得到了很大程度的检验，是否也适用于北美森林的宏观过程。通过整合森林与大气之间的碳、水和能量交换数据，森林多样性的遥感和实地测量，将使美国森林多样性的发展以及与陆地-大气碳和水交换的关系成为可能。它将量化森林在地球系统中的重要作用以及森林多样性下降的程度。该奖项将使本科生和研究生参与该项目的所有阶段，并通过其他活动将新的遥感方法带给公民个人、教师和学生。这将通过讲习班和制定可由教师采用并在课堂上使用的重点活动来实现。从事该项目的本科生将参加新罕布什尔州大学？大学本科研究会议（URC），全国最大的本科研究活动之一。了解多样性如何影响特定的生态系统和地球系统的功能在个别生物群落是非常困难的，被认为是生态学的重大挑战之一。鉴于全世界已经灭绝或受到栖息地丧失、害虫和病原体、收获、来自非本地物种的竞争、污染和气候变化威胁的物种数量，应对这一挑战至关重要。该奖项将研究美国森林中树木多样性对CO2吸收，水从土壤向大气转移以及这些过程响应气候变化的稳定性的影响。该奖项将检验以下具体假设：（A）北美森林的生物多样性对初级生产有积极影响，对蒸散有消极影响，从而提高水的利用效率。(B)与多样性低的森林相比，多样性高的森林不太容易受到极端事件的影响，在碳和水通量方面对气候波动的反应也不那么随时间变化。这些假设将通过汇集以前没有用于解决这个问题的几个独特的数据来源来解决。首先，将使用的研究地点配备有仪器塔，可以详细测量森林树冠上方的二氧化碳和水蒸气，以及一系列气候和生态变量。第二，先进的遥感仪器将被用来测量树冠多样性的方式，实地调查本身不能。这些数据将来自无人驾驶航空系统以及国家生态观测站的仪器。通过这些数据集的独特性质和先进的数据分析方法，结果将用于量化广泛地理范围内重要进程的多样性的具体特征。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（23）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Divergent carbon cycle response of forest and grass‐dominated northern temperate ecosystems to record winter warming

DOI：
10.1111/gcb.14850
发表时间：
2019-10
期刊：
Global Change Biology
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Rebecca Sanders‐DeMott;A. Ouimette;L. Lepine;S. Fogarty;E. Burakowski;A. Contosta;S. Ollinger
通讯作者：
Rebecca Sanders‐DeMott;A. Ouimette;L. Lepine;S. Fogarty;E. Burakowski;A. Contosta;S. Ollinger

Leaf-Off LiDAR Point Cloud of Thompson Farm Flux Tower Footprint Acquired by Unpiloted Aerial System, 2022

无人机系统获取的汤普森农场通量塔足迹的离叶激光雷达点云，2022 年

DOI：
10.7910/dvn/ffpf7j
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Harvard Dataverse
影响因子：
0
作者：
Sullivan, Franklin B.;Palace, Michael W.;Ouimette, Andrew P.;Hastings, Jack;Herrick, Christina;Ollinger, Scott
通讯作者：
Ollinger, Scott

Remote sensing of the terrestrial carbon cycle: A review of advances over 50 years

DOI：
10.1016/j.rse.2019.111383
发表时间：
2019-11
期刊：
Remote Sensing of Environment
影响因子：
13.5
作者：
J. Xiao;F. Chevallier;C. Gomez;L. Guanter;J. Hicke;A. Huete;K. Ichii;W. Ni;Y. Pang;Abdullah F.
通讯作者：
J. Xiao;F. Chevallier;C. Gomez;L. Guanter;J. Hicke;A. Huete;K. Ichii;W. Ni;Y. Pang;Abdullah F.

Comparison of lidar- and allometry-derived canopy height models in an eastern deciduous forest