Collaborative Proposal: MSB-FRA: Scaling Climate, Connectivity, and Communities in Streams

合作提案：MSB-FRA：扩展流中的气候、连通性和社区

• 批准号: 2207680
• 负责人: Daniel Allen
• 金额: $ 139.99万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2207680&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; MSB; FRA; Scaling

Half of the Earth's streams are intermittent: they occasionally dry or stop flowing. Since the 1980s, researchers who study streams have developed theories about how stream ecosystems work. Each theory is different, but they all focus on a single physical aspect of streams that is thought to best explain how stream ecosystem structure and function vary from one place to another. Physical factors that have been considered include stream size, floods, and climate. However, the body of work informing the development of these theories, and the body of work supporting them, is based on research from streams that flow continuously, or "perennial streams." Given that half of the Earth's streams are intermittent, there is a need to develop a new theory for streams that explains how drying acts as a control on stream ecosystem structure and function, how intermittent and perennial streams are different, and how those differences vary from region to region. This project uses macrosystems ecology as a foundation to develop and test such a theory that can be applied to all the Earth's streams. A smartphone app will map wet and dry stream reaches in conjunction with international research partners (1000 Intermittent Rivers Project), and citizen science organizers, and educational partners to create new teaching tools. The research may help inform decisions on water use where streams and intermittent and human populations are increasing. Seven graduate student will be included on the diverse research team. This research project is comprised of three components. The first is a three-year field study of intermittent and continuously flowing streams in 10 different regions across the southern, central, and western US led by researchers at five different US universities that will collect streamflow and biological data. The field study will be focused on investigating how macroinvertebrate communities in intermittent and perennial streams differ in species composition and abundance, and how these differences vary according to climate. In 9 of the 10 regions, the researchers will use National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) collected data, and sampling will follow NEON sampling protocols to generate NEON-compatible data. The second component will develop fine-scale hydrological models of the study watersheds using the Coupled Routing and Excess STorage (CREST) model. These models will predict where and when streams dry in these watersheds, and researchers will model streamflow patterns under different scenarios related to sea surface temperature oscillations and other changes. The third component of the project will generate spatial models that integrate the empirically collected ecological data in the field with the hydrological model outputs. This part of the project will investigate how large-scale climate oscillations (e.g. El Nino Southern Oscillation) influence regional drying patterns differently, and how shifts in spatial drying patterns influence stream ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

地球上一半的河流是间歇性的：它们偶尔会干涸或停止流动。自20世纪80年代以来，研究溪流的研究人员已经发展了关于溪流生态系统如何运作的理论。 每一种理论都是不同的，但它们都集中在河流的一个物理方面，被认为是最好的解释河流生态系统的结构和功能如何从一个地方到另一个地方。考虑的物理因素包括河流大小、洪水和气候。然而，为这些理论的发展提供信息的大量工作，以及支持它们的大量工作，都是基于对持续流动的溪流或“常年溪流”的研究。“鉴于地球上一半的溪流是间歇性的，有必要为溪流开发一种新的理论，解释干旱如何控制溪流生态系统的结构和功能，间歇性溪流和常年溪流是如何不同的，以及这些差异如何因地区而异。该项目使用宏观系统生态学作为基础，开发和测试这样一个理论，可以应用于地球上所有的河流。一个智能手机应用程序将与国际研究合作伙伴（1000条间歇性河流项目）、公民科学组织者和教育合作伙伴一起绘制湿流和干流的地图，以创建新的教学工具。 这项研究可能有助于为河流和间歇性和人口增加的水资源利用决策提供信息。 七名研究生将被纳入多元化的研究团队。 该研究项目由三个部分组成。第一项是为期三年的实地研究，由美国五所不同大学的研究人员领导，在美国南部、中部和西部的10个不同地区对间歇性和连续流动的溪流进行研究，收集溪流流量和生物数据。实地研究的重点是调查间歇性和常年性溪流中的大型无脊椎动物群落在物种组成和丰度方面的差异，以及这些差异如何根据气候而变化。在10个地区中的9个，研究人员将使用国家生态观测网络（氖）收集的数据，采样将遵循氖采样协议，以生成NEON兼容的数据。第二个组成部分将使用耦合路由和过量存储（CREST）模型开发研究流域的精细尺度水文模型。这些模型将预测这些流域的河流何时何地干涸，研究人员将模拟与海面温度振荡和其他变化有关的不同情景下的水流模式。该项目的第三个组成部分将生成空间模型，将实地收集的经验性生态数据与水文模型的产出相结合。该项目的这一部分将调查大尺度气候振荡（如厄尔尼诺南方涛动）如何不同地影响区域干燥模式，以及空间干燥模式的变化如何影响河流生态系统。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Taxonomic identity, biodiversity, and antecedent disturbances shape the dimensional stability of stream invertebrates

分类学特征、生物多样性和先行干扰塑造了河流无脊椎动物的尺寸稳定性

• DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10303
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography Letters
• 影响因子: 7.8
• 作者: Allen, Daniel C.;Gill, Brian A.;Metcalfe, Anya;Bonjour, Sophia;Starr, Scott;Wang, Junna;Valentin, Diana;Grimm, Nancy B.
• 通讯作者: Grimm, Nancy B.

DNA metabarcoding captures different macroinvertebrate biodiversity than morphological identification approaches across a continental scale

• DOI: 10.1002/edn3.453
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Environmental DNA
• 作者: Sean C. Emmons;Z. Compson;Megan C. Malish;Michelle H. Busch;V. Saenz;Kierstyn T. Higgins;Daniel C. Allen

Small increases in stream drying can dramatically reduce ecosystem connectivity

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4450
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Ecosphere
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Megan C. Malish;Shang Gao;D. Kopp;Yang Hong;Daniel C. Allen;T. Neeson