PFI:AIR - TT: Hydroacoustic Cavitation for Reclaiming Clay and Sand from Hydrofracturing Fluids and Solids

PFI:AIR - TT：用于从水力压裂液和固体中回收粘土和沙子的水声空化

• 批准号: 1640634
• 负责人: Nathaniel Warner
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-15 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1640634&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PFI; AIR; TT; Hydroacoustic; Cavitation

This PFI: AIR Technology Translation project will apply a novel sand-clay separation technology to processing hydrofracturing waste solid slurries, drilling muds, and fluids. This will allow the clays to be reused in drilling mud and other clay applications, and the sand to be reused as proppant, rather than being discarded as solid wastes. This project will help promote American energy independence, national security, and economic competitiveness, because it solves two issues in the natural gas industry - namely how to reclaim solids that are conventionally landfilled, and how to manage radium. More broadly, the solids reclamation and radium management strategies developed here could also be used at other natural gas and petroleum-extraction operations in PA, TX, WY, CO, WV, and LA. The reuse of the solids will reduce traffic near hydrofracturing and decrease the volumes of waste hauled to landfills and the volumes of new material that is mined. The project will result in a pilot scale application of hydroacoustic cavitation-advanced oxidation (HAC-AO) for treatment of hydrofracturing waste solids. Importantly, HAC-AO offers the ability to treat solids in the presence of radium and hypersaline brines, when salt levels are 4-10 times higher than ocean water. This feature provides an advantage when compared to other technologies in this market space. When these solids can be reclaimed and reused, operations costs will be significantly diminished. For example, when HAC-AO was applied to a mixed hydrofracturing solid waste slurry, about 15-20% of the solids could be reclaimed as high-quality clay, and 35-45% reclaimed as good sand proppant. That left only 35-40% remaining to be wasted. When considering clay and sand purchasing costs, and solids landfilling fees, this reclamation represented several hundred dollars per ton for the reclaimed material that would conventionally be wasted.This project addresses the following technology gaps as it translates from research discovery toward commercial application. Specifically, clay-cation-radium interactions in the presence of hypersaline brines and cation-clay association kinetics, after the HAC-AO has exposed and activated fouled clay surfaces. Radium activities in hydrofracturing brines are often thousands of pCi/L range. Prior results show that the clays, when activated by HAC-AO, increase their capacity to capture radium. Importantly, this means that the other solids and liquids, when wasted, will conversely host less radium, making it unnecessary to truck them to radioactive waste sites; if more stringent regulations arise-as may happen. An HAC-AO system can reclaim both clay and silica sand proppant from hydrofracturing solid waste slurries and fluids. When the Penn State team processed hydrofracturing waste brines in these prior studies, nearly all of the otherwise wasted clay could be reclaimed. During this project, graduate students will receive entrepreneurship experiences through interaction with the industrial partner, Hydro Recovery, LP. The project engages Hydro Recovery LP to both provide the waste materials and guide commercialization within the rapidly changing hydrofracturing industry. These two items are vital in this technology translation effort from research discovery toward commercial reality and graduate students will benefit from working closely with Hydro Recovery during the process.

该PFI：AIR技术转化项目将应用一种新的砂-粘土分离技术来处理水力压裂废弃固体泥浆、钻井泥浆和流体。 这将允许粘土在钻井泥浆和其他粘土应用中重新使用，并且沙子可以作为支撑剂重新使用，而不是作为固体废物丢弃。该项目将有助于促进美国的能源独立、国家安全和经济竞争力，因为它解决了天然气行业的两个问题，即如何回收传统填埋的固体，以及如何管理镭。 更广泛地说，这里开发的固体回收和镭管理策略也可以用于PA，TX，WY，CO，WV和LA的其他天然气和石油开采操作。固体的再利用将减少水力压裂附近的交通，减少运往垃圾填埋场的废物量和开采的新材料量。该项目将导致水声空化-高级氧化（HAC-AO）处理水力压裂固体废物的中试规模应用。重要的是，当盐含量比海水高4-10倍时，HAC-AO能够处理存在镭和高盐盐水的固体。与该市场空间中的其他技术相比，此功能具有优势。 当这些固体可以回收和再利用时，运营成本将显着降低。例如，当将HAC-AO应用于混合的水力压裂固体废弃物浆料时，约15-20%的固体可以回收为高质量粘土，并且35-45%可以回收为良好的砂支撑剂。这只剩下35%-40%被浪费了。考虑到粘土和沙子的购买成本以及固体填埋费用，这种回收相当于每吨数百美元的回收材料，而这些材料通常会被浪费。该项目解决了从研究发现到商业应用的以下技术差距。具体而言，粘土-阳离子-镭相互作用的存在下，高盐卤水和阳离子-粘土缔合动力学，后的HAC-AO已暴露和激活污垢粘土表面。水力压裂盐水中的镭活度通常为数千pCi/L。先前的结果表明，粘土，当被HAC-AO活化时，增加其捕获镭的能力。重要的是，这意味着其他固体和液体，当被浪费时，将相反地容纳更少的镭，使得没有必要将它们运到放射性废物场;如果更严格的规定出现的话-这可能会发生。HAC-AO系统可以从水力压裂固体废物浆料和流体中回收粘土和硅砂支撑剂。 当宾夕法尼亚州立大学的团队在这些先前的研究中处理水力压裂废盐水时，几乎所有其他浪费的粘土都可以回收。在这个项目中，研究生将通过与工业合作伙伴Hydro Recovery，LP的互动获得创业经验。该项目聘请Hydro Recovery LP提供废料，并在快速变化的水力压裂行业中指导商业化。这两个项目在从研究发现到商业现实的技术转化工作中至关重要，研究生将在此过程中与Hydro Recovery密切合作。

项目成果

Accuracy of methods for reporting inorganic element concentrations and radioactivity in oil and gas wastewaters from the Appalachian Basin, U.S. based on an inter-laboratory comparison

基于实验室间比较的美国阿巴拉契亚盆地石油和天然气废水中无机元素浓度和放射性报告方法的准确性

• DOI: 10.1039/c8em00359a
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
• 作者: Tasker, T. L.;Burgos, W. D.;Ajemigbitse, M. A.;Lauer, N. E.;Gusa, A. V.;Kuatbek, M.;May, D.;Landis, J. D.;Alessi, D. S.;Johnsen, A. M.
• 通讯作者: Johnsen, A. M.

Radium attenuation and mobilization in stream sediments following oil and gas wastewater disposal in western Pennsylvania

宾夕法尼亚州西部石油和天然气废水处理后溪流沉积物中镭的衰减和流动

• DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.10.011
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Applied Geochemistry
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Van Sice, Katherine;Cravotta, Charles A.;McDevitt, Bonnie;Tasker, Travis L.;Landis, Joshua D.;Puhr, Johnna;Warner, Nathaniel R.
• 通讯作者: Warner, Nathaniel R.

Radium in hydraulic fracturing wastewater: distribution in suspended solids and implications to its treatment by sulfate co-precipitation

• DOI: 10.1039/c8em00311d
• 发表时间: 2019-02-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Ouyang, Bingjie;Renock, Devon J.;Feng, Xiahong
• 通讯作者: Feng, Xiahong

Raw material recovery from hydraulic fracturing residual solid waste with implications for sustainability and radioactive waste disposal

从水力压裂残余固体废物中回收原材料对可持续性和放射性废物处置的影响

• DOI: 10.1039/c8em00248g
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
• 作者: Ajemigbitse, Moses A.;Cannon, Fred S.;Klima, Mark S.;Furness, James C.;Wunz, Chris;Warner, Nathaniel R.
• 通讯作者: Warner, Nathaniel R.

Emerging investigator series: radium accumulation in carbonate river sediments at oil and gas produced water discharges: implications for beneficial use as disposal management

• DOI: 10.1039/c8em00336j
• 发表时间: 2019-02-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: McDevitt, Bonnie;McLaughlin, Molly;Warner, Nathaniel R.
• 通讯作者: Warner, Nathaniel R.