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Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Role of History in Ethnic Identity Formation

博士论文改进奖：历史在民族认同形成中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
1642007
负责人：
Timothy Chevral
金额：
$ 2.08万
依托单位：
SUNY at Buffalo
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-08-01 至 2017-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1642007&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award Role

项目摘要

The goal of this research is to understand the creation of an ethnicity rooted in the past and still very important today, the Balkan Muslim identity established during the Ottoman Empire's control of European lands. In many European historical accounts, the Ottomans are depicted as brutal, foreign invaders. In recent decades, the descendants of these Islamic communities in some areas have been subjected to violence, adverse political policies, and a constant designation as "other" in predominately Christian Europe. The perception is often that these groups did not originate in the lands they occupy today. This notion is questioned however, by historical accounts of the mass conversion of European Christians to Islam, indicating that these communities may in actuality be closely related to those that remained Christian in the Ottoman's European territories. In general, questions of ethnicity and identity are extremely important considerations with far-reaching social and political consequences in both the past and the present. While often thought to be defined by genetics, ethnicity and identity are in actuality dynamic, fluid, and shifting aspects of human groups. The establishment or justification of a modern ethnicity is frequently traced to a group of people in the past, making archaeology a discipline capable of studying these phenomena. Understanding the processes and people who created the Balkan Muslim communities in Southeastern Europe is very important for public understanding and acceptance of the religious heterogeneity in these societies today.Ms. Kathryn Grow Allen and colleagues will investigate the makeup of Ottoman military communities in the hinterlands of the Ottoman Empire's European territory with an aim to better understand the biological and ancestral background of the people from which many modern Muslim communities in the region are descended. The project will utilize the archaeological record of Ottoman garrison towns from three countries with territory formerly ruled by the Islamic empire (Romania, Hungary and Croatia) and focus on a largely under-utilized source of archaeological data-human skeletons previously excavated and stored in regional museums. Understanding the Ottoman group identity and how similar or distinct they were from the local communities will be done using two established techniques: a biodistance analysis and strontium isotope analysis. The first, biodistance, requires the collection of a large number of metric and non-metric traits found on human bones. These biological traits are known to be influenced by genetics and informative on group identity and relatedness. The second method, strontium isotope analysis, is frequently employed by archaeologists to trace the movement of people utilizing isotopic signatures found in human teeth informative of an individual's birthplace. These methods, employed on a regional scale, will provide important information regarding the creation of the Ottoman Muslim communities and ethnicity in Southeastern Europe. They will deliver data regarding the extent to which the immigration of individuals from Anatolia or the conversion of European Christians influenced the biological makeup of these groups.

这项研究的目的是了解一个植根于过去的民族的创造，今天仍然非常重要，巴尔干半岛的穆斯林身份建立在奥斯曼帝国的控制欧洲土地。在许多欧洲历史记载中，奥斯曼人被描绘成野蛮的外国侵略者。近几十年来，这些伊斯兰社区的后裔在某些地区遭受暴力，不利的政治政策，并在基督教占主导地位的欧洲不断被称为“其他”。人们往往认为，这些群体并非起源于他们今天所占领的土地。然而，这一概念受到质疑，欧洲基督徒大规模皈依伊斯兰教的历史记录表明，这些社区实际上可能与奥斯曼帝国欧洲领土上的基督徒密切相关。总体而言，族裔和身份问题是极其重要的考虑因素，在过去和现在都具有深远的社会和政治影响。虽然经常被认为是由遗传学定义的，但种族和身份实际上是人类群体的动态，流动和变化的方面。现代种族的建立或合理性经常追溯到过去的一群人，使考古学成为能够研究这些现象的学科。了解在东南欧创建巴尔干半岛的穆斯林社区的过程和人们对于公众理解和接受当今这些社会的宗教异质性非常重要。Kathryn Grow艾伦女士及其同事将调查奥斯曼帝国欧洲领土的奥斯曼军事社区的构成，目的是更好地了解奥斯曼帝国欧洲领土的生物和祖先背景。该地区许多现代穆斯林社区的后裔。该项目将利用三个国家（罗马尼亚、匈牙利和克罗地亚）的奥斯曼卫戍城镇的考古记录，这些国家的领土以前曾由伊斯兰帝国统治，并将重点放在一个基本上未得到充分利用的考古数据来源-以前挖掘出来并存放在区域博物馆的人类骨骼。了解奥斯曼人群体的身份以及他们与当地社区的相似性或不同性将使用两种现有技术：生物距离分析和锶同位素分析。第一个是生物距离，需要收集大量的人类骨骼上的度量和非度量特征。已知这些生物学特征受遗传学的影响，并对群体身份和相关性提供信息。第二种方法，锶同位素分析，是考古学家经常使用的，利用在人类牙齿中发现的同位素标记来追踪人类的运动，这些标记提供了个人出生地的信息。这些方法，在区域范围内使用，将提供重要的信息，在东南欧的奥斯曼穆斯林社区和种族的创建。他们将提供有关来自安纳托利亚的移民或欧洲基督徒的皈依对这些群体的生物构成产生影响的程度的数据。