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RAPID: Ethnographic field study of engineering knowledge systems: Developing a social-process-centric situated model

RAPID：工程知识系统的民族志实地研究：开发以社会过程为中心的情境模型

基本信息

批准号：
1642022
负责人：
Devlin Montfort
金额：
$ 10.32万
依托单位：
Oregon State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-08-01 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1642022&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RAPID Ethnographic field study engineering

项目摘要

This project conducted by Oregon State University will advance the development of a social-process-centric situated model of engineering knowledge systems by a studying a group of NASA researchers as they develop the design of the BioSentinel nano satellite. This satellite will measure the effects of radiation in space on living organisms and will be the first biosensor operated remotely in space. The complexity and unprecedented nature of the BioSentinel project provides a unique opportunity to study how a team of engineers negotiates conflicting and competing demands in the highly restricted size, weight, and power capacity of a nano satellite package. Understanding the knowledge systems of engineer practitioners and how they communicate across differences is crucial to the development of an engineering curriculum that aligns more closely to actual engineering practice. The Bio Sentinel project will bring together individuals with expertise in genetic engineering, optics, microfluidics, control systems, communications, solar and battery power, propulsion, guidance and navigation systems, radiation physics, robotics, software and user interface, and thermal regulation. This group of engineers will be convened together for concentrated period of time in a single location working against strict deadlines. The Bio Sentinel design offers a unique opportunity to study how engineering expertise is actually applied and to document the social processes by which engineers with competing knowledge claims interact, reach consensus, and create a complex technological system. Understanding the processes by which engineers effectively communicate across differences helps to reframe engineering knowledge as a social, situated practice and will help to create an engineering education curriculum that is relevant to the workplace demands of creating complex technological systems.The Oregon State team will structure this field study as an epistemological ethnography. This will be an immersive, participatory observation protocol designed to capture reliable and valid evidence of a group's knowledge practices. The project design recognizes that a significant recent shift in cognitive and learning sciences has been the move from individual-centric cognitive models of cognition to social-process-centric situative models. There is evidence that context and particularly, exactly the social, human context that is so often intentionally removed from studies, classrooms, and textbooks plays a vitally important role in what a person can be said to know. Situative models shift the focus from the students' knowledge and skills to their actions in specific social systems. To understand how and what STEM students need to know, data must be derived from social the processes surrounding the application of this knowledge in workplace environments. Study of the BioSentinel design will combine leading-edge theories of learning and cognition with engineering knowledge and social science research methods to simultaneously apply and develop an understanding of engineering knowledge systems as applied in an exceptionally complex and open-ended technological system design.

该项目由俄勒冈州州立大学进行，将通过研究一组美国宇航局的研究人员来推进以社会过程为中心的工程知识系统定位模型的发展，因为他们开发了BioSentinel纳米卫星的设计。该卫星将测量空间辐射对生物体的影响，并将成为第一个在空间远程操作的生物传感器。BioSentinel项目的复杂性和前所未有的性质提供了一个独特的机会，研究一个工程师团队如何在高度限制的尺寸，重量和功率容量的纳米卫星包中谈判冲突和竞争的需求。了解工程师从业者的知识体系以及他们如何跨越差异进行沟通，对于开发更贴近实际工程实践的工程课程至关重要。生物哨兵项目将汇集在遗传工程，光学，微流体，控制系统，通信，太阳能和电池动力，推进，制导和导航系统，辐射物理学，机器人，软件和用户界面以及热调节方面具有专业知识的个人。这组工程师将集中在一个地点，在严格的期限内工作。生物哨兵的设计提供了一个独特的机会，研究工程专业知识是如何实际应用的，并记录了社会过程中，工程师与竞争的知识索赔互动，达成共识，并创建一个复杂的技术系统。了解工程师有效沟通的过程，有助于将工程知识重新构建为一种社会性的、情境性的实践，并有助于创建一个与创建复杂技术系统的工作场所需求相关的工程教育课程。俄勒冈州团队将把这一实地研究结构化为认识论民族志。这将是一个沉浸式的参与式观察协议，旨在捕捉一个群体的知识实践的可靠和有效的证据。该项目的设计认识到，最近在认知和学习科学的重大转变已经从以个人为中心的认知模型的认知社会过程为中心的情景模型。有证据表明，背景，尤其是经常被故意从研究、教室和教科书中删除的社会和人类背景，在一个人可以说知道什么方面起着至关重要的作用。情境模型将重点从学生的知识和技能转移到他们在特定社会系统中的行动上。为了了解STEM学生需要知道什么以及如何知道，数据必须来自社会，围绕这些知识在工作环境中的应用过程。BioSentinel设计的研究将联合收割机学习和认知的前沿理论与工程知识和社会科学研究方法相结合，同时应用和发展对工程知识系统的理解，应用于非常复杂和开放的技术系统设计。