RCN: EyesNorth - A Research Coordination Network of Community-Based Observing Initiatives in the Arctic and Beyond

尽管公民获得的环境观察(例如，公民科学)迅速增加，但没有一套连贯的最佳做法或相应的理论可用于建立基于社区的观察的广泛科学。当前关于基于社区的观察网络、基于社区的监测、公民科学和社区观察者博客活动的术语和含义经常被互换使用。然而，每一项都构成了CBO连续体中不同类型的努力。通过明确定义这些活动是什么以及它们可以提供哪些信息，我们可以更好地帮助社区适应不断变化的环境条件。EyesNorth研究协调网络(RCN)将包括从土著社区到联邦机构的一系列从业人员，以发展CBO的科学和实践，提供观察变化与社区准备和反应之间的关键联系。EyesNorth RCN将在合作伙伴之间协调围绕培训和教育推广计划的活动，以生成并交流在各种监测活动中采用的最佳实践。EyesNorth RCN试图利用复原力和适应科学的核心理论，发展一门以社区为基础的观察科学。它有四个目标，是与来自北极圈国家的一系列合作伙伴共同制定的，包括加拿大、俄罗斯、美国、芬兰、挪威、瑞典、冰岛和格陵兰。该网络目标将实现目前利用CBO监测北极和亚北极社会环境变化的各项活动和组织之间的协调。它将创建一个由用户、科学家和从业者组成的多元化、跨学科的网络。科学目标将通过发展和完善推动生物多样性科学的学科之间的新的和现有的理论联系来推进建立生物信息学的理论，以便扩大和加强实地社区适应行动的可转移性。可持续发展目标将确定整个社区组织的最佳做法，包括国际数据共享协议和保护措施，以确保土著知识和基于地方的知识得到社区本身的适当应用和确定。教育和培训目标将确保共同制定而不是强加最佳做法，并通过与美国西部社区的伙伴关系，确保经验教训的可转移性。这些伙伴关系将：a)共同定义一系列技术支持的方法，为一系列最终用户提供链接、可扩展和可用的数据，从而帮助为管理决策提供信息，这些决策的行动会影响当地社区的恢复能力？哪里？数据？指的是关于我们生活的世界的信息广度；以及b)将这些方法转化为可在国内和国际上应用的做法。我们将制定必要的数据和元数据标准，以促进研究人员和社区之间的知识共享，这些标准可以作为未来CBO计划的基线，同时还将扩大当前努力的范围，以便在美国西部的不同社区和环境中转移和实施CBO。我们与行业、研究和资源管理从业者接触，讨论最适合不同类型CBO的数据获取技术类型。最终，EyesNorth RCN将首次联合广泛的CBO从业者，与北极和美国西部的合作伙伴设计和利用协作和公平的培训和教育活动，产生一门能够提高所有美国人福祉和生活质量的CBO科学。

Despite a rapid increase in citizen-acquired environmental observations (e.g., citizen science) no cohesive set of best practices or corresponding theories exists for building a broad science of Community-Based Observing (CBO). Current terms and meanings concerning community-based observing networks, community based monitoring, citizen science, and community observer blogs activities are often used interchangeably. Each, however, constitutes a different type of effort along a CBO continuum. By clearly defining what these activities are and what information they can contribute we can better help communities adapt to changing environmental conditions. The EyesNorth Research Coordinating Network (RCN) will involve a range of practitioners, from Native communities to federal agencies, to develop both a science and practice of CBO that will provide the critical connection between observing change and community preparedness and response. The EyesNorth RCN will coordinate activities around training and education-outreach programs among partners to generate and communicate the best practices for adoption across diverse monitoring activities. The EyesNorth RCN seeks to develop a science of Community-Based Observing leveraging core theories in resilience and adaptation science. It has four objectives that are co-developed with a range of partners from across the circumpolar North countries including Canada, Russia, the United States, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Greenland. The network objective will achieve coordination across activities and organizations currently utilizing CBO for monitoring socio-environmental change in the Arctic and Subarctic. It will create a diverse, transdisciplinary network of users, scientists, and practitioners. The science objective will advance theory to build a science of CBO by developing new and refining existing theoretical connections among disciplines that drive the science of CBO in order to expand and enhance the transferability of adaptation actions by communities on the ground. The sustainability objective will define best practices across the CBO continuum including international data sharing protocols and protections that ensure Indigenous Knowledge and Local Place Based Knowledge are appropriately applied and determined by communities themselves. The education and training objective will ensure that best practices are co-developed rather than imposed and, through partnerships with communities from the Western United States, we will ensure transferability of lessons learned. These partnerships will: a) co-define a range of technology-enabled approaches that enable linked, scalable, and usable data for a range of end-users that will help inform management decisions whose actions affect the resilience of local communities ? where ?data? refers to the breadth of information about the world we live in; and b) transfer these approaches to produce practices that can be applied nationally and internationally. We will develop data and metadata standards necessary to facilitate the sharing of knowledge between researchers and communities which can serve as baselines for future CBO programs while also expanding the scope of current efforts so as to transfer and implement CBO in diverse communities and settings in the Western U.S. We engage with Industry, research and resource management practitioners about the types of data acquisition technologies most amenable to different types of CBO. Ultimately, the EyesNorth RCN will coalesce, for the first time, a broad range of CBO practitioners to design and leverage collaborative and equitable training and education activities with partners in the Arctic and Western U.S. yielding a science of CBO that can enhance the well-being and quality of life for all Americans.