EARS: Collaborative Research: Automated Enforcement in Spectrum Sharing: Technical Challenges and Policy Considerations

过去25年来，对无线通信的需求不断增加，导致出现了一项新的国家优先事项：在不同利益攸关方之间动态共享无线电频谱。具有不同权限和优先级的用户现在必须协作，以共享共同的资源，而不会相互干扰。确保权利的可靠执行制度是使这些权利有意义并减轻相关风险的一种方式。随着频谱共享成为更广泛采用的利用频谱的范例，将有必要部署一个可以最大限度地实现自动化的系统执法制度，以便执法过程可以近乎实时和大规模地进行，同时产生合理的财务成本。迄今为止的大部分研究和实践都侧重于对在职者的干预保护和预防性(即事前)办法。这项研究考察了改进事前保护的方法，检测干扰事件，识别干扰方，并确定如何使用易于自动化的技术最好地执行和裁决这些事件。静态事前方法(例如，隔离区)不容易适应政策变化，并且具有较高的社会成本。数据库驱动的方法可以更好地响应变化，但需要与无线电的持续连接，并且在地理上可能不是细粒度的。调查人员将开发核心组件，以实现基于政策的高效频谱接入，以降低事前执法的社会成本。调查人员还致力于改进技术，以便在事件发生后自动执行，即自动执行事后执行。这涉及到检测、法医分析和裁决。为了自动检测事件，调查人员将开发一种高效的技术，使用移动代理，这些移动代理在识别、验证和定位潜在可执行的事件方面具有不同的角色。裁决过程涉及识别不符合规定的发射机，并确保它们符合必要的标准。为此，调查人员建议制定发射机识别方案和远程证明方案。最后，调查人员将审查事后强制执行的不同体制战略(即第三方强制执行、自我强制执行和合作相互强制执行)，目的是了解在什么情况下每种方法都适用于频谱共享。这些办法承诺改进事前执行技术，并推进事后执行进程，以建立一个全面、有力和具有成本效益的执行系统。

The increased demand for wireless communications over the last 25 years has led to the emergence of a new national priority: dynamic sharing of the radio spectrum among different stakeholders. Users with different rights and priorities must now collaborate to share a common resource without interfering with each other. A reliable enforcement regime that ensures rights is a way to make these rights meaningful and mitigate the associated risks. As spectrum sharing becomes a more widely adopted paradigm for utilizing the spectrum, it will become necessary to deploy a systematic enforcement regime that can be automated to the maximum extent possible so that the enforcement processes can occur in near real time and at scale while incurring reasonable financial costs. Much of the research and practice to date has focused on interference protection of the incumbents and on preventative (i.e., ex ante) approaches. This research examines approaches to improving ex ante protections, detecting interference events, identifying the interfering parties, and determining how these events are best enforced and adjudicated using techniques that can be readily automated.Static ex ante approaches (e.g., exclusion zones) are not readily adaptable to policy changes, and have high social costs. Database-driven approaches can be more responsive to changes, but require constant connectivity with radios and may not be geographically fine-grained. The investigators will develop the core components for enabling efficient policy-based spectrum access to reduce the social cost of ex ante enforcement. The investigators also aim to advance techniques to automate the enforcement of events after they occur, i.e., automate ex post enforcement. This involves detection, forensic analysis and adjudication. To automate the detection of events, the investigators will develop an efficient technique that uses mobile agents that have different roles in identifying, verifying and localizing a potentially enforceable event. The adjudication process involves identifying the non-compliant transmitters and ensuring that they comply with the necessary standards. To this end, the investigators propose to develop a transmitter identification scheme and a remote attestation scheme. Finally, the investigators will examine the different institutional strategies for ex post enforcement (i.e., third party enforcement, self-enforcement, and cooperative mutual enforcement) with the goal of understanding under what circumstances each approach would apply to spectrum sharing. These approaches promise to improve ex ante enforcement techniques and to advance ex post enforcement processes in a way that can be used to construct a comprehensive, robust and cost-effective enforcement system.