EARS: Collaborative Research: Overcoming Propagation Challenges at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies via Reconfigurable Antennas

尽管毫米波（mm-wave）波段的大量无线电频谱尚未得到充分利用，但工业、政府和公众对无线通信系统的需求越来越高。这种网络系统支持多种用途，如智能电网电力基础设施、国土安全、军事应用、环境监测以及医疗和运输进步。为了满足需求，手机运营商需要获得更多的带宽，这恰好也是他们的主要资本支出。通过更好地利用30-300千兆赫的可用频谱，即毫米波频段，提供商不仅可以提供成本更低的服务，而且还可能为当前客户和服务不足的客户提供变革性的蜂窝接入和覆盖改进。该项目解决了限制毫米波波段使用的一些顽固的技术障碍。为了克服这些挑战，一个多学科团队将扩展信号处理、通信理论和电磁学知识，为该频段开发新的可重构天线和通信技术。此外，团队成员之间强大的行业联系将有助于促进商业化。该项目的目标还包括与工业界和公众共享毫米波测试平台，用于远程测试，并为几所大学的学生提供教育，尤其是贝克斯菲尔德的加州州立大学，该大学主要为代表性不足的学生提供服务。该项目的目标是利用新的可重构天线设计提供的额外自由度，建立新的波束形成和波束导向方法，克服毫米波频率下的实质性传播挑战。该项目还可以显著影响电气工程，计算机和信息科学，以及数学和物理科学。结果将包括：(1)新天线。所提出的可重构天线具有各种状态，每种状态都具有不同的和预定义的辐射方向图。因此，它们将支持同时传输多个辐射模式，每个模式都具有较大的定向增益。前者提供波束分集以克服毫米波频率阴影，而后者减少了功率放大器设计的限制；(2)新方法。更多的自由度将使新的预编码、波束形成和波束控制方法能够克服路径损失、阴影和信道稀疏性；(3)验证。博伊西州立大学测试平台的结果验证将确保研究人员能够在现实硬件和毫米波频率的传播设置中实现预期收益；(4)新框架。一种新的状态分多址框架将利用各种可重构的天线状态及其相应的已知辐射方向图为多个用户服务；(5)专业知识。来自爱达荷州、加利福尼亚州和威斯康星州四所学术机构的研究人员分享互补的专业知识、学术和行业经验。

Wireless communication systems are in increasingly high demand among industry, government, and the public, even while a large swath of the radio spectrum in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band goes underutilized. Such network systems support diverse uses such as smart grid electrical infrastructure, homeland security, military applications, environmental monitoring, and medical and transportation advances. To meet demand, cellular providers need access to more bandwidth, which also happens to be their primary capital expenditure. By making better use of available spectrum in the 30-300 GHz, i.e., mm-wave band, providers not only could offer less costly service, but also could potentially make transformative cellular access and coverage improvements for current customers and the underserved. This project addresses a number of stubborn technical obstacles limiting mm-wave band use. To overcome these challenges, a multidisciplinary team will extend signal processing, communication theory, and electromagnetics knowledge to develop novel reconfigurable antennas and communication technologies for this band. Further, strong industry connections among team members will help facilitate commercialization. The project also includes goals to share a mm-wave testbed with industry and the public for remote testing, and to educate students at several universities--notably at California State University, Bakersfield, which primarily serves underrepresented students.The project goal is to leverage the additional degrees of freedom provided by a new reconfigurable antenna design to establish new beamforming and beamsteering methodologies that overcome substantive propagation challenges at mm-wave frequencies. The project can also significantly impact electrical engineering, computer and information science, and the mathematical and physical sciences. Outcomes will include: (1) NEW ANTENNAS. The proposed reconfigurable antennas have various states, each with varying and predefined radiation patterns. Hence, they will support simultaneous transmission of multiple radiation patterns, each with large directional gain. The former provides beam diversity to overcome mm-wave frequency shadowing, while the latter reduces power amplifier design constraints; (2) NEW METHODS. More degrees of freedom will enable new precoding, beamforming, and beamsteering approaches to overcome pathloss, shadowing, and channel sparsity; (3) VALIDATION. Outcome validation on the Boise State University testbed will ensure that researchers can realize projected gains in realistic hardware and propagation settings at mm-wave frequencies; (4) NEW FRAMEWORK. A new framework for state division multiple access will use various reconfigurable antenna states and their corresponding known radiation patterns to serve multiple users; (5) EXPERTISE. Investigators across four academic institutions in Idaho, California, and Wisconsin share complementary expertise, and academic and industry experiences.