EARS: Collaborative Research: Spectrum Sensing for Coexistence of Active and Passive Radio Services

这个EAR(增强无线频谱接入)计划是为了响应2010年总统关于释放无线宽带革命的备忘录而建立的，该备忘录是国会授权的，是国家宽带计划的一部分。它在2010年的国情咨文和后来的2012年《中产阶级减税和创造就业法案》(该法案的三分之一以上涉及无线电频谱)、2012年PCAST报告[总统科学和技术顾问委员会](该报告呼吁大幅增加频谱共享的使用)和2013年总统备忘录(扩大美国在无线创新方面的领导地位)中被提及。该计划的目的是确定大胆的新概念，这些概念有可能有助于显著提高无线电频谱利用的效率，保护被动侦听服务，并提高传统上服务不足的美国人从当前和未来的无线产品和服务中受益的能力。这对国家的经济影响很大，正如2015年初FCC上一次以超过450亿美元的价格竞标65 MHz频谱所看到的那样。无线电频谱的有效利用是有源服务(如蜂窝、雷达、无线互联网)和被动服务(如射电天文服务(RAS)和地球探测卫星服务(EESS))所渴望的。这导致了有源无线电对更多频谱使用的日益增长的需求与无源系统对安静频谱的迫切需求之间的日益紧张。缓解这种紧张的第一步也是最重要的一步是在时间、空间、频率甚至一些适当定义的特征空间上以高分辨率监测射频环境。虽然遥感领域对频谱监测问题进行了广泛的研究，并对射频干扰(RFI)检测进行了热烈的研究，但从有源和无源系统的角度审视频谱监测以切实支持共存的努力有限。为了支持无线电频谱上的和平共处，该项目旨在开发高效的频谱监测技术，以便在有源和无源无线电服务日益存在的情况下，为未来的频谱管理提供深刻的理解和技术支持。先进的信号处理技术将被开发来在短时间内提供高分辨率的频谱感知，并将研究最优的感知资源分配方案以最大化感知预算的收益。拟议的频谱感知研究将为RFI检测和管理提供信息并推动其发展，以支持RAS和EESS投资增加的社会和科学回报。认知无线电网络还可以利用开发的技术进行动态频谱共享，从而影响蜂窝数据和物联网(IoT)等服务的实践。研究生和本科生将从这项研究独特的跨学科性质中受益，特别是通过与阿雷西博天文台的科学家互动，以及使用其305米望远镜的实践经验。

This EARS (Enhancing Access to the Radio Spectrum) program was founded in response to the 2010 Presidential Memorandum on Unleashing the Wireless Broadband Revolution mandated by Congress as part of the National Broadband Plan. It was referenced in 2010 State of the Union and later on the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (More than 1/3 of the bill deals with radio spectrum), the PCAST 2012 Report [President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology] (which calls for vastly increased use of spectrum sharing) and the 2013 Presidential memo (Expanding America's Leadership in Wireless Innovation). The aim of this program is to identify bold new concepts with the potential to contribute to significant improvements in the efficiency of radio spectrum utilization, protection of passive sensing services, and in the ability for traditionally underserved Americans to benefit from current and future wireless-enabled goods and services. The impact is large on the economics of the Nation as seen on the last FCC bidding of 65MHz of the spectrum for over $45 billion early in 2015. It will enable access to science, engineering, industry, civilian and military users of the RF spectrum.Effective use of radio spectrum is coveted by both active services (e.g., cellular, radar, wireless internet) and passive services (e.g., radio astronomy service (RAS) and earth exploration satellite service (EESS)). It has led to an increasing tension between the growing demand for greater spectrum use by active radios and the pressing need for quiet spectrum by passive systems. The first and foremost step towards alleviating this tension is to monitor the radio frequency environment at high resolution in time, space, frequency, and even some appropriately defined feature space. Although the spectrum monitoring issue has undergone extensive research and radio frequency interference (RFI) detection has been fervently investigated in the remote sensing communities, only limited efforts exist in examining spectrum monitoring from the perspectives of both active and passive systems to conscientiously support coexistence. To support peaceful coexistence on radio spectrum, this project aims to develop efficient spectrum monitoring techniques that provide deep understanding and technological enablers for future spectrum management in the growing presence of active and passive radio services. Advanced signal processing techniques will be developed to provide high-resolution spectrum sensing at short sensing time, and optimal sensing resource allocation schemes will be investigated to maximize the payoffs of the sensing budget. The proposed research on spectrum sensing will inform and advance the RFI detection and management in support of increased societal and scientific returns from RAS and EESS investments. The developed techniques can also be leveraged by cognitive radio networks for dynamic spectrum sharing, impacting practices of the services like cellular data and Internet of things (IoT). Graduate and undergraduate students will benefit from the unique interdisciplinary nature of this research, especially through interactions with the scientists at the Arecibo Observatory, and the hands-on experience with its 305 m telescope.