EARS: Collaborative Research: Spectrum Sensing for Coexistence of Active and Passive Radio Services

EARS（增强无线电频谱接入）计划是为了响应国会授权的2010年总统关于释放无线宽带革命的备忘录，作为国家宽带计划的一部分。它在2010年的国情咨文和后来的2012年中产阶级税收减免和创造就业法案中被引用（超过三分之一的法案涉及无线电频谱），PCAST 2012年报告[总统科学技术顾问理事会]（呼吁大幅增加频谱共享的使用）和2013年总统备忘录（扩大美国在无线创新方面的领导地位）。该计划的目的是确定大胆的新概念，这些概念有可能有助于显著提高无线电频谱利用效率，保护被动传感服务，并使传统上服务不足的美国人能够从当前和未来的无线产品和服务中受益。这对国家经济的影响很大，正如2015年初FCC以超过450亿美元的价格竞标65MHz频谱所看到的那样。它将使科学、工程、工业、民用和军事用户能够使用射频频谱。有效使用无线电频谱是现役部队（例如，蜂窝、雷达、无线因特网）和被动服务（例如，射电天文服务（RAS）和地球探测卫星服务（EESS））。它导致了有源无线电对更多频谱使用的日益增长的需求与无源系统对安静频谱的迫切需求之间的日益紧张。缓解这种紧张局势的首要步骤是在时间、空间、频率甚至一些适当定义的特征空间上以高分辨率监测射频环境。虽然频谱监测问题已经经历了广泛的研究和无线电频率干扰（RFI）检测一直在遥感社区的热烈调查，只有有限的努力存在于研究频谱监测的角度来看，主动和被动系统，认真支持共存。为了支持无线电频谱上的和平共处，该项目旨在开发高效的频谱监测技术，以便在有源和无源无线电服务日益增多的情况下，为未来的频谱管理提供深入的理解和技术推动力。先进的信号处理技术将被开发，以提供高分辨率的频谱感测在短的感测时间，和最佳的感测资源分配方案将被调查，以最大限度地提高感测预算的回报。拟议的频谱感知研究将为RFI检测和管理提供信息和推进，以支持RAS和EESS投资增加社会和科学回报。认知无线电网络也可以利用所开发的技术进行动态频谱共享，从而影响蜂窝数据和物联网（IoT）等服务的实践。研究生和本科生将受益于这项研究独特的跨学科性质，特别是通过与阿雷西博天文台的科学家的互动，以及其305米望远镜的实践经验。

This EARS (Enhancing Access to the Radio Spectrum) program was founded in response to the 2010 Presidential Memorandum on Unleashing the Wireless Broadband Revolution mandated by Congress as part of the National Broadband Plan. It was referenced in 2010 State of the Union and later on the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (More than 1/3 of the bill deals with radio spectrum), the PCAST 2012 Report [President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology] (which calls for vastly increased use of spectrum sharing) and the 2013 Presidential memo (Expanding America's Leadership in Wireless Innovation). The aim of this program is to identify bold new concepts with the potential to contribute to significant improvements in the efficiency of radio spectrum utilization, protection of passive sensing services, and in the ability for traditionally underserved Americans to benefit from current and future wireless-enabled goods and services. The impact is large on the economics of the Nation as seen on the last FCC bidding of 65MHz of the spectrum for over $45 billion early in 2015. It will enable access to science, engineering, industry, civilian and military users of the RF spectrum.Effective use of radio spectrum is coveted by both active services (e.g., cellular, radar, wireless internet) and passive services (e.g., radio astronomy service (RAS) and earth exploration satellite service (EESS)). It has led to an increasing tension between the growing demand for greater spectrum use by active radios and the pressing need for quiet spectrum by passive systems. The first and foremost step towards alleviating this tension is to monitor the radio frequency environment at high resolution in time, space, frequency, and even some appropriately defined feature space. Although the spectrum monitoring issue has undergone extensive research and radio frequency interference (RFI) detection has been fervently investigated in the remote sensing communities, only limited efforts exist in examining spectrum monitoring from the perspectives of both active and passive systems to conscientiously support coexistence. To support peaceful coexistence on radio spectrum, this project aims to develop efficient spectrum monitoring techniques that provide deep understanding and technological enablers for future spectrum management in the growing presence of active and passive radio services. Advanced signal processing techniques will be developed to provide high-resolution spectrum sensing at short sensing time, and optimal sensing resource allocation schemes will be investigated to maximize the payoffs of the sensing budget. The proposed research on spectrum sensing will inform and advance the RFI detection and management in support of increased societal and scientific returns from RAS and EESS investments. The developed techniques can also be leveraged by cognitive radio networks for dynamic spectrum sharing, impacting practices of the services like cellular data and Internet of things (IoT). Graduate and undergraduate students will benefit from the unique interdisciplinary nature of this research, especially through interactions with the scientists at the Arecibo Observatory, and the hands-on experience with its 305 m telescope.