A Model Study of the Impact of Volcanic Eruptions on Polar Ozone Depletion.

火山喷发对极地臭氧消耗影响的模型研究。

• 批准号: 1643701
• 负责人: Yunqian Zhu
• 金额: $ 45.69万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1643701&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Model; Study; Impact; Volcanic; Eruptions

Gases and aerosols from volcanic eruptions cause changes in the ozone chemistry and energy balance of the upper atmosphere. This study will investigate the how past volcanic eruptions have influenced polar stratospheric clouds and stratospheric ozone. The project will also compare the effect of smaller, sustained volcanic emissions to the effect of large eruptions. A computer model of atmospheric chemistry, dynamics, and radiation will be used to examine the impact of past eruptions and how they may slow down the recovery of the ozone hole. This study will also improve the models by including more realistic polar stratospheric clouds, which will improve our ability to model atmospheric chemistry, and ultimately, climate.This study will investigate the evolution of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) influenced by volcanic eruptions and the resulting effect on ozone and related chemicals. Volcanic aerosols are observed to change stratospheric radiative flux and chemistry. Ozonesonde and satellite observations show enhanced ozone loss in the mid-latitudes and over Antarctica following the Mr. Pinaubo, Cerro Hudson, and El Chichon erruptions. An unanswered question is how small erruptions which occur every year but only inject a small fraction of the sulfur as a large eruption impact the ozone loss in polar regions and slow down the recovery of the ozone hole. This study will use the NSF/NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with detailed ozone chemistry and the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) with an interactive sulfate and PSCs model. The model experiments will inject SO2 into the atmosphere in different amounts, times, and locations to simulate the volcanic eruptions observed during the past few decades. The results will be compared to satellite and in-situ observations from microphysical scales to global scales. Another goal of the project is to improve the NSF/NCAR WACCM model by treating PSCs more realistically. The project is relevant to understanding how the deposition of sulfates and dust in ice cores relates to the locations and strength of eruptions, to understanding year-to-year variations in Antarctic ozone loss driven by small eruptions, and to understanding the effect of PSCs and volcanic aerosols on the Antarctic energy balance.

火山爆发产生的气体和气溶胶导致臭氧化学和高层大气能量平衡的变化。这项研究将调查过去的火山爆发如何影响极地平流层云和平流层臭氧。 该项目还将比较较小的、持续的火山排放与大规模喷发的影响。 一个大气化学、动力学和辐射的计算机模型将被用来研究过去火山爆发的影响，以及它们如何减缓臭氧洞的恢复。这项研究还将改进模型，包括更真实的极地平流层云，这将提高我们模拟大气化学的能力，最终，气候。这项研究将调查受火山爆发影响的极地平流层云的演变及其对臭氧和相关化学物质的影响。火山气溶胶被观察到改变平流层辐射通量和化学。臭氧层探测仪和卫星观测表明，在皮瑙博先生、哈德逊山和埃尔奇雄火山喷发之后，中纬度地区和南极洲上空的臭氧损失增加。一个尚未回答的问题是，每年发生的小规模喷发，但只注入一小部分的硫作为一个大喷发，如何影响极地地区的臭氧损失，减缓臭氧洞的恢复。本研究将使用NSF/NCAR全大气社区气候模型（WACCM）和详细的臭氧化学以及社区大气气溶胶和辐射模型（CARMA）以及交互式硫酸盐和PSC模型。模型实验将以不同的数量、时间和地点向大气中注入二氧化硫，以模拟过去几十年中观察到的火山爆发。这些结果将与从微物理尺度到全球尺度的卫星和现场观测结果进行比较。该项目的另一个目标是通过更现实地处理PSC来改进NSF/NCAR WACCM模型。该项目有助于了解冰芯中硫酸盐和灰尘的沉积与喷发的位置和强度之间的关系，有助于了解小型喷发造成的南极臭氧损失的逐年变化，并有助于了解PSC和火山气溶胶对南极能量平衡的影响。

项目成果

Stratospheric Aerosols, Polar Stratospheric Clouds, and Polar Ozone Depletion After the Mount Calbuco Eruption in 2015

• DOI: 10.1029/2018jd028974
• 发表时间: 2018-11
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Yunqian Zhu;O. B. Toon;D. Kinnison;V. L. Harvey;Michael J. Mills;C. Bardeen;M. Pitts;N. Bègue;J. Renard;G. Berthet;F. Jégou