Collaborative Research: Multi-Parameter Geophysical Constraints on Volcano Dynamics of Mt. Erebus and Ross Island, Antarctica

位于南极洲罗斯岛的埃里伯斯火山是地球上最南端的活火山。它为研究火山系统提供了一个天然的实验室，至少在过去的40年里，火山系统一直处于持续活动的状态，有一个持续的熔岩湖。世界上只有四座火山拥有如此长寿的熔岩湖：埃塞俄比亚的埃尔塔阿勒、夏威夷的基拉韦厄、刚果的尼拉贡戈和瓦努阿图的安布赖姆。这些火山是一种罕见的异常现象，为人们提供了一扇了解地下岩浆系统和行为的窗口。Erebus是特别令人感兴趣的，因为它每2万年经历一次非常爆炸性的活动阶段。这个项目将研究岩浆系统之间的相互作用，它所在的裂谷，以及火山施加在下层地壳和它自己的岩浆系统上的重力载荷的影响。这些因素之间可能的相互作用可能解释了活动的变化。该项目将分析至少在过去20年里在埃里巴斯收集的地球物理数据。这项工作的结果将向公众和科学界公布，并为该区域的地球动力学模型提供信息。该项目资助了一名职业生涯早期的科学家和新墨西哥理工大学的一名研究生，并为下一代科学家的发展做出了贡献。技术摘要拟议的工作针对的是社区最近在2016年由NSF赞助的科学驱动程序和埃里伯斯山火山天文台的未来研讨会上提出的科学问题。从喷口到下地壳系统的岩浆管道的位置和几何形状仍然很差，特别是深度在1公里以下。火山和岩浆活动在短期(几分钟到几小时)和十年尺度上发生变化的方式和原因仍然是个谜。罗斯岛二十年的运动和连续的GPS数据将告诉我们这两个岛的长期动态，罗斯岛在恐怖裂谷内增长，以及Erebus？更深的岩浆系统。该项目将组织和分析罗斯岛的所有现有GPS数据，并解释由此产生的时间序列中的任何异常。这些活动需要对现有约20年的GPS数据进行组织、一致的处理和解释/建模，其中包括活动、连续和高速率的GPS观测。我们将在一个一致的局部参考系中生成这些位置时间序列，并将结果(包括瞬时变形模型)提供给社区。与火山、构造和均衡调整相关的变形将被模拟，以将Erebus置于南极洲西部广泛的火山构造框架中。在数据分析阶段，还将评估现有全球定位系统数据在雪反射研究和海平面动态研究中的作用。

Nontechnical AbstractMount Erebus volcano on Ross Island, Antarctica, is the southernmost active volcano on the planet. It provides a natural laboratory to study a volcanic system that has been in a continuous state of activity with a persistent lava lake over at least the last 40 years. Worldwide only four other volcanoes with such long-lived lava lakes exist: Erta Ale, Ethiopia; Kilauea, Hawaii; Nyiragongo, Congo; and Ambrym, Vanuatu. These volcanoes are a rare anomaly that provide a window into the underlying magmatic system and behavior. Erebus is of particular interest as it cycles through phases of very explosive activity every 20 thousand years. This project will investigate interactions between the magmatic system, the rift it is located in, and the impact of the gravitational load the volcano imposes on the underlying crust and its own magmatic system. Possible interactions between these factors may explain the changes in activity. The project will analyze geophysical data that have been collected at Erebus over at least the last two decades. The results of this work will be available to the public and scientific community and inform geodynamic models in this region. The project funds an early-career scientist and a graduate student at New Mexico Tech and contributes to the development of the next generation of scientists.Technical AbstractThe proposed work targets scientific questions recently formulated by the community during the 2016 NSF-sponsored Scientific Drivers and Future of Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory workshop. The location and geometry of the magmatic plumbing from vent to lower crust system remain poorly constrained, particularly below 1 km depth. The style and causes for changes in volcanic and magmatic activity over the short term (minutes to hours) and on the decadal scale remains enigmatic. Two decades of campaign and continuous GPS data on Ross Island will inform about the longer term dynamics of both, Ross Island growing within the Terror Rift, and Erebus? deeper magmatic system. This project will organize and analyze all existing GPS data for Ross Island, and interpret any anomalies in the resulting time series. These activities require organization, consistent processing and interpretation/modeling of the existing ~20 years of GPS data, which include campaign, continuous, and high-rate GPS observations. We will generate these position time series in a consistent local reference frame and make the results, including models of transient deformation available to the community. Volcanic, tectonic and isostatic adjustment related deformation will be modeled to place Erebus in a broad volcano-tectonic framework of West Antarctica. During the data analysis phase, the utility of existing GPS data for reflection studies of snow and sea-level dynamics will also be evaluated.