Collaborative Research: Multi-Parameter Geophysical Constraints on Volcano Dynamics of Mt. Erebus and Ross Island, Antarctica

位于南极洲罗斯岛上的埃里伯斯火山是地球上最南端的活火山。它提供了一个天然的实验室来研究一个火山系统，这个火山系统至少在过去的40年里一直处于持续活动的状态，有一个持续的熔岩湖。世界上只有另外四座火山拥有如此长寿的熔岩湖：埃塞俄比亚的埃尔塔阿莱火山；夏威夷基拉韦厄火山;刚果尼拉贡戈火山;以及瓦努阿图的安布林。这些火山是一种罕见的异常现象，为了解潜在的岩浆系统和行为提供了一扇窗口。埃里伯斯是特别有趣的，因为它每2万年就会经历一次非常爆炸性的活动。这个项目将研究岩浆系统、它所在的裂谷之间的相互作用，以及火山对底层地壳和它自己的岩浆系统施加的重力负荷的影响。这些因素之间可能的相互作用可以解释活动的变化。该项目将分析至少在过去20年里在埃里伯斯收集的地球物理数据。这项工作的结果将提供给公众和科学界，并为该地区的地球动力学模型提供信息。该项目为新墨西哥理工学院的一名早期职业科学家和一名研究生提供资金，并为下一代科学家的发展做出贡献。技术摘要：本文针对2016年美国国家科学基金会（nsf）主办的埃里伯斯火山天文台的科学驱动力和未来研讨会上科学界最近提出的科学问题。从火山口到下地壳系统的岩浆管道的位置和几何形状仍然很少受到限制，特别是在1公里深度以下。火山和岩浆活动在短期（几分钟到几小时）和年代际范围内变化的方式和原因仍然是一个谜。二十年的战役和罗斯岛持续的GPS数据将告知两者的长期动态，罗斯岛在恐怖裂谷中成长，而埃里伯斯？深部岩浆系统。该项目将组织和分析罗斯岛现有的所有GPS数据，并解释由此产生的时间序列中的任何异常。这些活动需要对现有的~20年的GPS数据进行组织、一致的处理和解释/建模，其中包括运动、连续和高速率的GPS观测。我们将在一致的局部参考框架中生成这些位置时间序列，并将结果（包括瞬态变形模型）提供给社区。将模拟火山、构造和均衡调整相关的变形，将埃里伯斯置于南极洲西部广阔的火山构造框架中。在数据分析阶段，还将评估现有GPS数据对雪和海平面动态反射研究的效用。

Nontechnical AbstractMount Erebus volcano on Ross Island, Antarctica, is the southernmost active volcano on the planet. It provides a natural laboratory to study a volcanic system that has been in a continuous state of activity with a persistent lava lake over at least the last 40 years. Worldwide only four other volcanoes with such long-lived lava lakes exist: Erta Ale, Ethiopia; Kilauea, Hawaii; Nyiragongo, Congo; and Ambrym, Vanuatu. These volcanoes are a rare anomaly that provide a window into the underlying magmatic system and behavior. Erebus is of particular interest as it cycles through phases of very explosive activity every 20 thousand years. This project will investigate interactions between the magmatic system, the rift it is located in, and the impact of the gravitational load the volcano imposes on the underlying crust and its own magmatic system. Possible interactions between these factors may explain the changes in activity. The project will analyze geophysical data that have been collected at Erebus over at least the last two decades. The results of this work will be available to the public and scientific community and inform geodynamic models in this region. The project funds an early-career scientist and a graduate student at New Mexico Tech and contributes to the development of the next generation of scientists.Technical AbstractThe proposed work targets scientific questions recently formulated by the community during the 2016 NSF-sponsored Scientific Drivers and Future of Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory workshop. The location and geometry of the magmatic plumbing from vent to lower crust system remain poorly constrained, particularly below 1 km depth. The style and causes for changes in volcanic and magmatic activity over the short term (minutes to hours) and on the decadal scale remains enigmatic. Two decades of campaign and continuous GPS data on Ross Island will inform about the longer term dynamics of both, Ross Island growing within the Terror Rift, and Erebus? deeper magmatic system. This project will organize and analyze all existing GPS data for Ross Island, and interpret any anomalies in the resulting time series. These activities require organization, consistent processing and interpretation/modeling of the existing ~20 years of GPS data, which include campaign, continuous, and high-rate GPS observations. We will generate these position time series in a consistent local reference frame and make the results, including models of transient deformation available to the community. Volcanic, tectonic and isostatic adjustment related deformation will be modeled to place Erebus in a broad volcano-tectonic framework of West Antarctica. During the data analysis phase, the utility of existing GPS data for reflection studies of snow and sea-level dynamics will also be evaluated.