Collaborative Research: Multi-Parameter Geophysical Constraints on Volcano Dynamics of Mt. Erebus and Ross Island, Antarctica

南极洲罗斯岛上的埃里伯斯火山是地球上最南端的活火山。它提供了一个天然实验室来研究一个火山系统，该系统至少在过去40年中一直处于持续活动状态，并有一个持久的熔岩湖。世界上只有四个火山有这样长寿的熔岩湖存在：埃塞俄比亚的埃尔塔阿莱;夏威夷的基拉韦厄;刚果的尼拉贡戈;瓦努阿图的安布里姆。这些火山是一种罕见的异常现象，为了解底层岩浆系统和行为提供了一个窗口。埃里伯斯特别令人感兴趣，因为它每两万年经历一次非常爆炸性的活动阶段。该项目将研究岩浆系统，它所处的裂谷之间的相互作用，以及火山对底层地壳及其自身岩浆系统施加的重力负荷的影响。这些因素之间可能的相互作用可以解释活动的变化。该项目将分析至少在过去二十年中在埃里伯斯收集的地球物理数据。这项工作的结果将提供给公众和科学界，并为该区域的地球动力学模型提供信息。该项目资助了新墨西哥州理工学院的一名早期职业科学家和一名研究生，并为下一代科学家的发展做出了贡献。技术摘要拟议的工作目标是在2016年NSF赞助的科学驱动程序和埃里伯斯山火山天文台未来研讨会期间，社区最近制定的科学问题。从喷口到下地壳系统的岩浆管道的位置和几何形状仍然没有受到很好的限制，特别是在1公里深度以下。火山和岩浆活动在短期内（几分钟到几小时）和十年尺度上的变化方式和原因仍然是个谜。二十年的运动和持续的GPS数据在罗斯岛将告知两者的长期动态，罗斯岛在恐怖裂谷内的增长，和埃里伯斯？更深的岩浆系统。该项目将组织和分析罗斯岛所有现有的GPS数据，并解释由此产生的时间序列中的任何异常。这些活动需要对现有的约20年的GPS数据进行组织、一致的处理和解释/建模，其中包括活动、连续和高速率的GPS观测。我们将在一个一致的本地参考框架中生成这些位置时间序列，并将结果（包括瞬态变形模型）提供给社区。火山，构造和均衡调整相关的变形将被模拟放置在一个广泛的火山构造框架的西南极洲埃里伯斯。在数据分析阶段，还将评价现有全球定位系统数据对积雪和海平面动态反射研究的效用。

Nontechnical AbstractMount Erebus volcano on Ross Island, Antarctica, is the southernmost active volcano on the planet. It provides a natural laboratory to study a volcanic system that has been in a continuous state of activity with a persistent lava lake over at least the last 40 years. Worldwide only four other volcanoes with such long-lived lava lakes exist: Erta Ale, Ethiopia; Kilauea, Hawaii; Nyiragongo, Congo; and Ambrym, Vanuatu. These volcanoes are a rare anomaly that provide a window into the underlying magmatic system and behavior. Erebus is of particular interest as it cycles through phases of very explosive activity every 20 thousand years. This project will investigate interactions between the magmatic system, the rift it is located in, and the impact of the gravitational load the volcano imposes on the underlying crust and its own magmatic system. Possible interactions between these factors may explain the changes in activity. The project will analyze geophysical data that have been collected at Erebus over at least the last two decades. The results of this work will be available to the public and scientific community and inform geodynamic models in this region. The project funds an early-career scientist and a graduate student at New Mexico Tech and contributes to the development of the next generation of scientists.Technical AbstractThe proposed work targets scientific questions recently formulated by the community during the 2016 NSF-sponsored Scientific Drivers and Future of Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory workshop. The location and geometry of the magmatic plumbing from vent to lower crust system remain poorly constrained, particularly below 1 km depth. The style and causes for changes in volcanic and magmatic activity over the short term (minutes to hours) and on the decadal scale remains enigmatic. Two decades of campaign and continuous GPS data on Ross Island will inform about the longer term dynamics of both, Ross Island growing within the Terror Rift, and Erebus? deeper magmatic system. This project will organize and analyze all existing GPS data for Ross Island, and interpret any anomalies in the resulting time series. These activities require organization, consistent processing and interpretation/modeling of the existing ~20 years of GPS data, which include campaign, continuous, and high-rate GPS observations. We will generate these position time series in a consistent local reference frame and make the results, including models of transient deformation available to the community. Volcanic, tectonic and isostatic adjustment related deformation will be modeled to place Erebus in a broad volcano-tectonic framework of West Antarctica. During the data analysis phase, the utility of existing GPS data for reflection studies of snow and sea-level dynamics will also be evaluated.