Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Social and Environmental Impacts of Village Formation

这项研究考察了当一群人聚集在一起并适应久坐的乡村生活时，社会和环境背景是如何改变的。这是一种文化变革，在世界各地的许多不同社会都发生过。村庄的形成需要进行戏剧性的社会和文化重组，这需要重新定义社会网络、个人和集体身份以及空间和地点，因为人们正在适应他们的新生活模式。本研究将着眼于互动和整合在时间和空间上的延续和变化模式，以探索在村落形成之前发生的文化转型所涉及的社会过程。这一进程始于数千年前，今天仍在继续，并受到世界各地社会流动的推动。这项研究还为几名本科生提供了管理程序和田野工作方面的培训和经验，这将帮助他们发展从事考古学事业所需的技能。本研究关注的是了解在村庄形成之前发生的社区之间的社会互动和融合。最近的研究表明，在村庄形成之前，乡村生活的基本社会结构是随着日益增长的封建主义而发展的。位于新墨西哥州西南部的莫高隆地区和亚利桑那州东南部的早期皮特豪斯时期(公元200年至700年)非常适合进行这项研究，因为它标志着这一过程的这一步。为了探索这些谈判，这项研究使用了一个多标度的历史框架，侧重于实践社区之间的社会互动和融合。这项研究的数据将依赖于现有文物收藏和挖掘报告以及正在进行的挖掘项目中的陶瓷、黑铁矿和建筑特征。社会互动将通过陶器流通进行检验，通过仪器中子活化分析和岩相分析进行分析，以及通过X射线荧光分析黑铁矿采购进行分析。社区之间的融合将通过陶瓷和建筑的技术和风格属性进行审查。此外，还将使用放射性碳样品的加速器质谱仪测年，以进一步完善莫高隆早期皮塔斯期的年代学。这些分析的结果将跨越时间和空间进行比较，以了解人们在村庄形成之前是如何谈判他们的社会和自然景观的。

This research examines how social and environmental contexts are altered as groups of individuals aggregate and settle into sedentary village life. This is a cultural transformation that has occurred in many different societies across the world. The formation of villages requires a dramatic social and cultural reorganization, which entails a redefinition of social networks, personal and collective identities, and space and place, as people adjust to their new mode of living. This research will focus on the patterns of continuity and change in interaction and integration across time and space to explore the social processes involved in the cultural transformations that occurred prior to village formation. This process which started thousands of years ago continues today and is fueled by worldwide social mobility. This research also provides training and experience in curation procedures and fieldwork to several undergraduate students, which will assist them in developing the necessary skills to pursue a career in archaeologyThis research is concerned with understanding the social interactions and integration among communities that occurred just prior to village formation. Recent research has suggested that the basic social structure of village life developed alongside increasing sedentism, prior to the formation of villages. The Early Pithouse period (A.D. 200 to 700) in the Mogollon region of southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona is ideally suited for this research because it marks just this step of the process. To explore these negotiations, this research uses a multi-scalar, historical framework that focuses on social interactions and integration among communities of practice. The data for this research will rely on ceramics, obsidian, and architectural features from existing artifact collections and excavation reports as well as an ongoing excavation project. Social interaction will be examined through pottery circulation, analyzed through instrumental neutron activation analysis and petrographic analysis, as well as obsidian procurement, analyzed through x-ray fluorescence. Integration among communities will be examined through technological and stylistic attributes of ceramics and architecture. In addition, accelerator mass spectrometry dating of radiocarbon samples will be used to further refine the chronology of the Mogollon Early Pithouse period. The results of these analyses will be compared across time and space to gain an understanding of how people negotiated their social and physical landscapes prior to village formation.