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EAGER: Collaborative Research: Structural Characteristics and the Pace of Scientific Advance

EAGER：合作研究：结构特征和科学进步的步伐

基本信息

批准号：
1646459
负责人：
John Walsh
金额：
$ 3.53万
依托单位：
Georgia Tech Research Corporation
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2018-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1646459&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
EAGER Collaborative Research Structural Characteristics

项目摘要

Science is organized around specific fields of inquiry that play a crucial role in the advancement of knowledge. By shifting the study of collaboration and productivity to the level of fields provides the potential for major advances understanding advances in science. Such understandings can guide policymakers tasked with allocating scarce funding resources. This project investigates how the composition of research teams in a field affects the pace of scientific advance. In other words, the project examines the impact of the mix of teams in a field on the rate at which scientific fields generate new knowledge, in order to generate fundamental knowledge on the nature of scientific advance and to guide policymakers trying to allocate funding across a portfolio of potential projects.The research focuses on the development of two sets of indicators able to capture field diversity and innovativeness. The first set of indicators is based on text analysis of phrases extracted from titles and abstracts and measures the pace of innovation and scientific advance. These indicators track the rate of concepts appearing, diffusing, and decaying in a field. The second set of indicators quantify the mix of large and small teams as well as the mix of more and less interdisciplinary teams in a field, in other words, the "ecology" of the field. The goal of the indicators is to capture the size and diversity of scientific ecosystems at the level of scientific fields. The project considers physics, astronomy and experimental biology as test cases for developing measures and testing relations between field structure and the pace of innovation over time.

科学是围绕在知识进步中发挥关键作用的特定研究领域组织的。通过将对合作和生产力的研究转移到领域层面，为理解科学进步提供了重大进步的潜力。这种理解可以指导负责分配稀缺资金资源的政策制定者。该项目调查了一个领域的研究团队的组成如何影响科学进步的步伐。换句话说，该项目研究了一个领域的团队组合对科学领域产生新知识的速度的影响，以产生关于科学进步性质的基本知识，并指导政策制定者试图在一系列潜在项目中分配资金，研究重点是制定两套能够反映领域多样性和创新性的指标。第一套指标基于对标题和摘要中的短语进行文本分析，衡量创新和科学进步的速度。这些指标跟踪概念在一个领域中出现、扩散和衰退的速度。第二套指标量化了一个领域中大小团队的组合以及多学科团队和少学科团队的组合，换句话说，就是该领域的“生态”。这些指标的目标是在科学领域一级反映科学生态系统的规模和多样性。该项目将物理学、天文学和实验生物学视为测试案例，以制定措施并测试领域结构与创新步伐之间的关系。