CPS: Frontier: Collaborative Research: Data-Driven Cyberphysical Systems

数据驱动的网络物理系统在制造业、汽车、交通、公用事业和医疗保健等许多领域无处不在。该项目发展了必要的理论、方法和工具，以回答“在数据丰富的世界中，我们如何以不同的方式设计和操作网络物理系统”这一核心问题。由此产生的数据驱动技术将把设计和操作过程转变为数据和模型——以及人类设计师和操作员——持续而流畅地交互的过程。这种集成视图保证了其部分之外的功能。明确地集成数据将导致更有效的决策，并有助于减少从基于模型的设计到系统部署的差距。此外，它将混合设计和运行时任务，并帮助开发网络物理系统，不仅为其初始部署，而且为其生命周期。虽然提出的理论、方法和工具将跨越网络物理系统的范围，但该项目侧重于它们在增材制造新兴应用中的影响。尽管花费了大量的工程时间，但增材制造工艺往往无法产生可接受的几何、材料或机电性能。目前，还没有一种机制来预测和纠正这些系统性的、重复性的错误，也没有一种机制来调整设计过程以适应这种制造风格的特点。数据驱动的网络物理系统的观点有可能克服增材制造中的这些挑战。该项目的教育计划侧重于已经非常需要的本科和研究生课程的转变，以培养工程师和计算机科学家，他们将以数据驱动的心态创造下一代网络物理。该团队将通过一系列活动接触K-12学生和教育工作者，并通过为期一年的研究项目接触代表性不足群体的本科生。该项目生成的所有教育材料都将公开共享。

Data-driven cyber-physical systems are ubiquitous in many sectors including manufacturing, automotive, transportation, utilities and health care. This project develops the theory, methods and tools necessary to answer the central question "how can we, in a data-rich world, design and operate cyber-physical systems differently?" The resulting data-driven techniques will transform the design and operation process into one in which data and models - and human designers and operators - continuously and fluently interact. This integrated view promises capabilities beyond its parts. Explicitly integrating data will lead to more efficient decision-making and help reduce the gap from model-based design to system deployment. Furthermore, it will blend design- and run-time tasks, and help develop cyber-physical systems not only for their initial deployment but also for their lifetime. While proposed theory, methods and tools will cut across the spectrum of cyber-physical systems, the project focuses on their implications in the emerging application of additive manufacturing. Even though a substantial amount of engineering time is spent, additive manufacturing processes often fail to produce acceptable geometric, material or electro-mechanical properties. Currently, there is no mechanism for predicting and correcting these systematic, repetitive errors nor to adapt the design process to encompass the peculiarities of this manufacturing style. A data-driven cyber-physical systems perspective has the potential to overcome these challenges in additive manufacturing. The project's education plan focuses on the already much needed transformation of the undergraduate and graduate curricula to train engineers and computer scientists who will create the next-generation of cyber-physical with a data-driven mindset. The team will reach out to K-12 students and educators through a range of activities, and to undergraduate students from underrepresented groups through year-long research projects. All educational material generated by the project will be shared publicly.