CPS: Frontier: Collaborative Research: Cognitive Autonomy for Human CPS: Turning Novices into Experts

人类与自主的网络物理系统的交互在消费品、交通系统、制造业和许多其他领域变得无处不在。这个项目寻求建设性的方法来回答这个问题：我们如何设计网络物理系统，使其具有响应性和个性化，同时又能提供高度可靠的可靠性保证？适应人类并考虑到人类对系统的持续适应的网络物理系统可以在日常生活以及专业领域(生物医疗设备和系统、交通系统、制造、军事应用)产生巨大影响，方法是显著减少培训时间，增加人类在关键安全环境中操作之前对系统的体验范围，提高安全性，并提高人和系统的性能。通过计算、通信和控制的进步，支持动态交互的体系结构可以利用人类和自动化的优势来实现新的性能和安全水平。本研究调查了一种以人类为中心的“认知自主”体系结构，该体系结构将人类心理生理和行为测量与客观的性能测量相结合。该体系结构有四个要素：1)可计算的认知模型，它服从于控制，但高度可定制，响应于人类，并且依赖于上下文；2)预测性监视器，它提供先验概率验证以及实时的短期预测，以预测有问题的行为并触发适当的行动；3)认知控制，它协作地确保期望的安全属性和人类性能度量；以及4)透明的通信，通过解释性推理帮助维护信任和情景感知。教育和外展计划的重点是通过一个响应文化的本科生暑期研究项目，扩大未被充分代表的少数族裔的参与，该项目还将提供关于支持参与和留住的学习环境的见解。该项目产生的所有研究和教育材料都通过项目网页向公众提供。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Human interaction with autonomous cyber-physical systems is becoming ubiquitous in consumer products, transportation systems, manufacturing, and many other domains. This project seeks constructive methods to answer the question: How can we design cyber-physical systems to be responsive and personalized, yet also provide high-confidence assurances of reliability? Cyber-physical systems that adapt to the human, and account for the human's ongoing adaptation to the system, could have enormous impact in everyday life as well as in specialized domains (biomedical devices and systems, transportation systems, manufacturing, military applications), by significantly reducing training time, increasing the breadth of the human's experiences with the system prior to operation in a safety-critical environment, improving safety, and improving both human and system performance. Architectures that support dynamic interactions, enabled by advances in computation, communication, and control, can leverage strengths of the human and the automation to achieve new levels of performance and safety.This research investigates a human-centric architecture for "cognitive autonomy" that couples human psychophysiological and behavioral measures with objective measures of performance. The architecture has four elements: 1) a computable cognitive model which is amenable to control, yet highly customizable, responsive to the human, and context dependent; 2) a predictive monitor, which provides a priori probabilistic verification as well as real-time short-term predictions to anticipate problematic behaviors and trigger the appropriate action; 3) cognitive control, which collaboratively assures both desired safety properties and human performance metrics; and 4) transparent communication, which helps maintain trust and situational awareness through explanatory reasoning. The education and outreach plan focuses on broadening participation of underrepresented minorities through a culturally responsive undergraduate summer research program, which will also provide insights about learning environments that support participation and retention. All research and educational material generated by the project are being made available to the public through the project webpage.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.