Collaborative Research: Expanded Correlative Dynamics and Meteor Studies Using the Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar

合作研究：使用阿根廷南部敏捷流星雷达扩展相关动力学和流星研究

• 批准号: 1647354
• 负责人: David Fritts
• 金额: $ 52.5万
• 依托单位: GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1647354&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Expanded; Correlative; Dynamics

The research for this award would renew the support for the ongoing operations of the Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar (SAAMER) system but with diverse and significantly expanded research applications using data from two new correlative instruments to be installed by research colleagues from two other institutions (Boston University and Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Germany). SAAMER was installed on Tierra del Fuego (TdF) to observe the large-scale dynamics within the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) in the altitude range of 75 to 95 km. This height range is where the semidiurnal tide and various planetary waves have a range of diverse effects. This location is within a latitude band where these motions have large responses, but also where the existing MLT database of winds and temperatures is quite sparse. The SAAMER location on TdF was also motivated by the occurrence of the major 'hotspot' of gravity wave (GW) activity on Earth centered over the Southern Andes, Drake Passage, and Antarctic Peninsula. This hotspot is due to the major GW sources in this region, which include high mountains, strong jet streams, and the passage of vigorous frontal systems. These sources yield large GW events and significant MLT momentum fluxes (MF). Strong interactions of GW structures with the larger-scale motions in the MLT region are to be expected, and SAAMER results to date confirm expectations that the fluxes in this region would be very large. This work has also revealed an ability to characterize meteor head echoes, non-specular meteor trails, and meteor radiants observed in routine measurement modes. The new SAAMER studies would be more comprehensive than before due to correlative airglow imaging as well as new local Rayleigh lidar and multi-receiver radar measurements combined with the use of satellite observations by SABER on TIMED and CIPS on AIM for large- and small-scale dynamics studies. These multi-instrument studies will enable quantification of the important small-scale GWs (and MFs) having wavelengths ëh~20-100 km that are challenging to quantify without such correlative measurements. MLT dynamical studies, especially in regard to the quantification of GW dynamics, momentum transport and its deposition, are central needs in defining more accurate parameterizations of these dynamics in global research, weather prediction, and climate models addressing broad societal needs. Measurements of large-scale dynamics likewise serve to constrain models of these dynamics, especially at high southern latitudes. Meteoroid trajectory studies may provide clues to potential meteor impact risks. SAAMER is also an educational and training tool through various NSF programs devoted to promoting international collaborative activities between U.S. and S. American researchers and students, including extensive exchanges between the U.S., Argentina, and Brazil to date.The research award to the PI would address MLT dynamics, meteors, and microphysics with focus upon the following questions:1) Continued Large-scale dynamics studies of mean winds, tides, and PWs and their structure, interactions, and inter-hemispheric and inter-annual variability;2) Further quantification of momentum fluxes by small-scale GWs employing SAAMER, the BU all-sky imager, and the IAP Rayleigh lidar, with exploration of GW sources and their propagation characteristics combined with the study of possible development of secondary GW generation, and influences by mean winds, tides, and PWs;3) Further characterization of the meteoroid population, velocities, trajectories, diurnal, seasonal, and global variability of meteor rates, and the meteoric mass flux into the MLT; and4) Routine measurements of meteor head echoes and non-specular trails and PMSE allowing studies addressing meteor ablation and PMSE microphysics.

该奖项的研究将重新支持阿根廷南部敏捷流星雷达（SAAMER）系统的持续运行，但使用来自另外两个机构（波士顿大学和德国大气物理研究所）的研究同事安装的两个新相关仪器的数据，研究应用多样化且显着扩展。 SAAMER 安装在火地岛 (TdF)，用于观测 75 至 95 公里高度范围内的中层和低热层 (MLT) 内的大尺度动态。 在这个高度范围内，半日潮汐和各种行星波会产生一系列不同的影响。 该位置位于这些运动具有较大响应的纬度带内，但现有的风和温度 MLT 数据库也相当稀疏。 SAAMER 在 TdF 上的位置也是由于地球上以安第斯山脉南部、德雷克海峡和南极半岛为中心的重力波 (GW) 活动主要“热点”的出现而引起的。这一热点是由于该地区的主要引力波源造成的，其中包括高山、强烈的急流和剧烈的锋面系统的通过。这些来源会产生大型 GW 事件和显着的 MLT 动量通量 (MF)。 预计引力波结构与 MLT 区域的更大规模运动会发生强烈的相互作用，而 SAAMER 迄今为止的结果证实了该区域的通量将非常大的预期。这项工作还揭示了表征流星头回波、非镜面流星轨迹和常规测量模式下观测到的流星辐射的能力。 由于相关气辉成像以及新的本地瑞利激光雷达和多接收器雷达测量，再加上 SABRE 在 TIMED 上和 CIPS 在 AIM 上使用卫星观测进行大型和小型动力学研究，新的 SAAMER 研究将比以前更加全面。这些多仪器研究将能够对波长为 µh~20-100 km 的重要小规模引力波（和中频）进行量化，而如果没有此类相关测量，则很难对其进行量化。 MLT 动力学研究，特别是在引力波动力学、动量传输及其沉积的量化方面，是在全球研究、天气预报和气候模型中定义这些动力学的更准确参数化的核心需求，以满足广泛的社会需求。大尺度动力学的测量同样有助于约束这些动力学的模型，特别是在南部高纬度地区。流星体轨迹研究可能为潜在流星撞击风险提供线索。 SAAMER 也是 NSF 各种项目的教育和培训工具，致力于促进美国和南美研究人员和学生之间的国际合作活动，包括迄今为止美国、阿根廷和巴西之间的广泛交流。授予 PI 的研究奖将涉及 MLT 动力学、流星和微物理，重点关注以下问题：1) 继续对平均风、潮汐和 PW 及其结构进行大规模动力学研究， 相互作用、半球间和年际变率；2) 利用 SAAMER、BU 全天成像仪和 IAP 瑞利激光雷达，进一步量化小规模引力波的动量通量，探索引力波源及其传播特征，结合研究二次引力波产生的可能发展，以及平均风、潮汐和 PW 的影响；3) 进一步表征引力波的动量通量。 流星体数量、速度、轨迹、流星速率的昼夜、季节和全球变化，以及进入 MLT 的流星质量通量； 4) 流星头回波、非镜面轨迹和 PMSE 的常规测量，允许研究流星烧蚀和 PMSE 微物理。

项目成果

Self‐Acceleration and Instability of Gravity Wave Packets: 3. Three‐Dimensional Packet Propagation, Secondary Gravity Waves, Momentum Transport, and Transient Mean Forcing in Tidal Winds

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jd030692
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres
• 作者: D. Fritts;W. Dong;T. Lund;Scott A. Wieland;B. Laughman

Mesospheric Mountain Wave Activity in the Lee of the Southern Andes

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd033268
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: P. Pautet;M. Taylor;D. Fritts;D. Janches;N. Kaifler;A. Dörnbrack;J. Hormaechea

Wind Variations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Near 60°S Latitude During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028909
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Guiping Liu;D. Janches;R. Lieberman;T. Moffat‐Griffin;N. Mitchell;Jeong‐han Kim;Changsup Lee

Numerical simulation of mountain waves over the southern Andes, Part 2: Momentum fluxes and wave/mean-flow interactions

安第斯山脉南部山地波浪的数值模拟，第 2 部分：动量通量和波浪/平均流量相互作用

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-20-0207.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Fritts, David C.;Lund, Thomas S.;Wan, Kam;Liu, Han-Li
• 通讯作者: Liu, Han-Li

Observation of the A Carinid Meteor Shower 2020 Unexpected Outburst

2020 年卡琳流星雨意外爆发的观测

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abe9af
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: Bruzzone, Juan Sebastian;Weryk, Robert J.;Janches, Diego;Baumann, Carsten;Stober, Gunter;Hormaechea, Jose Luis
• 通讯作者: Hormaechea, Jose Luis