Collaborative Research: Expanded Correlative Dynamics and Meteor Studies Using the Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar

合作研究：使用阿根廷南部敏捷流星雷达扩展相关动力学和流星研究

• 批准号: 1647354
• 负责人: David Fritts
• 金额: $ 52.5万
• 依托单位: GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1647354&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Expanded; Correlative; Dynamics

The research for this award would renew the support for the ongoing operations of the Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar (SAAMER) system but with diverse and significantly expanded research applications using data from two new correlative instruments to be installed by research colleagues from two other institutions (Boston University and Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Germany). SAAMER was installed on Tierra del Fuego (TdF) to observe the large-scale dynamics within the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) in the altitude range of 75 to 95 km. This height range is where the semidiurnal tide and various planetary waves have a range of diverse effects. This location is within a latitude band where these motions have large responses, but also where the existing MLT database of winds and temperatures is quite sparse. The SAAMER location on TdF was also motivated by the occurrence of the major 'hotspot' of gravity wave (GW) activity on Earth centered over the Southern Andes, Drake Passage, and Antarctic Peninsula. This hotspot is due to the major GW sources in this region, which include high mountains, strong jet streams, and the passage of vigorous frontal systems. These sources yield large GW events and significant MLT momentum fluxes (MF). Strong interactions of GW structures with the larger-scale motions in the MLT region are to be expected, and SAAMER results to date confirm expectations that the fluxes in this region would be very large. This work has also revealed an ability to characterize meteor head echoes, non-specular meteor trails, and meteor radiants observed in routine measurement modes. The new SAAMER studies would be more comprehensive than before due to correlative airglow imaging as well as new local Rayleigh lidar and multi-receiver radar measurements combined with the use of satellite observations by SABER on TIMED and CIPS on AIM for large- and small-scale dynamics studies. These multi-instrument studies will enable quantification of the important small-scale GWs (and MFs) having wavelengths ëh~20-100 km that are challenging to quantify without such correlative measurements. MLT dynamical studies, especially in regard to the quantification of GW dynamics, momentum transport and its deposition, are central needs in defining more accurate parameterizations of these dynamics in global research, weather prediction, and climate models addressing broad societal needs. Measurements of large-scale dynamics likewise serve to constrain models of these dynamics, especially at high southern latitudes. Meteoroid trajectory studies may provide clues to potential meteor impact risks. SAAMER is also an educational and training tool through various NSF programs devoted to promoting international collaborative activities between U.S. and S. American researchers and students, including extensive exchanges between the U.S., Argentina, and Brazil to date.The research award to the PI would address MLT dynamics, meteors, and microphysics with focus upon the following questions:1) Continued Large-scale dynamics studies of mean winds, tides, and PWs and their structure, interactions, and inter-hemispheric and inter-annual variability;2) Further quantification of momentum fluxes by small-scale GWs employing SAAMER, the BU all-sky imager, and the IAP Rayleigh lidar, with exploration of GW sources and their propagation characteristics combined with the study of possible development of secondary GW generation, and influences by mean winds, tides, and PWs;3) Further characterization of the meteoroid population, velocities, trajectories, diurnal, seasonal, and global variability of meteor rates, and the meteoric mass flux into the MLT; and4) Routine measurements of meteor head echoes and non-specular trails and PMSE allowing studies addressing meteor ablation and PMSE microphysics.

该合同的研究将为阿根廷南部敏捷流星雷达（SAAMER）系统的持续运行提供支持，但使用来自其他两个机构（波士顿大学和德国大气物理研究所）的研究同事安装的两个新的相关仪器的数据进行多样化和显著扩展的研究应用。SAAMER安装在火地岛（TdF）上，用于观测海拔75 ~ 95 km的中层和低层热层（MLT）内的大尺度动力学。这个高度范围是半日潮和各种行星波产生一系列不同影响的地方。这个位置在一个纬度带内，这些运动有很大的响应，但现有的MLT风和温度数据库也相当稀疏。SAAMER在TdF上的位置也是由于地球上重力波（GW）活动的主要“热点”发生在南安第斯山脉、德雷克海峡和南极半岛上。这一热点是由于该地区的主要GW源，包括高山、强急流和强锋面系统的通过。这些源产生大的GW事件和显著的MLT动量通量（MF）。在MLT区域，GW结构与大尺度运动的强相互作用是可以预期的，到目前为止，SAAMER的结果证实了该区域的通量将非常大的预期。这项工作还揭示了在常规测量模式下观测到的流星头回波、非镜面流星轨迹和流星辐射特征的能力。由于相关的气辉成像以及新的本地瑞利激光雷达和多接收机雷达测量，再加上SABER在TIMED和CIPS在AIM上的卫星观测，新的SAAMER研究将比以前更加全面，用于大规模和小规模的动力学研究。这些多仪器研究将使波长ëh~20-100 km的重要小尺度gw（和MFs）的量化成为可能，如果没有这些相关测量，这些小尺度gw（和MFs）很难量化。MLT动力学研究，特别是关于GW动力学、动量输运及其沉积的量化，是在全球研究、天气预报和气候模式中定义更准确的这些动力学参数化的核心需求，以满足广泛的社会需求。大尺度动力学的测量同样有助于限制这些动力学的模型，特别是在南方高纬度地区。流星体轨迹研究可以为潜在的流星撞击风险提供线索。SAAMER也是一个教育和培训工具，通过各种NSF项目致力于促进美国和美国研究人员和学生之间的国际合作活动，包括迄今为止美国，阿根廷和巴西之间的广泛交流。该研究奖将涉及MLT动力学、流星和微物理，重点关注以下问题：1)持续大规模的平均风、潮汐和PWs及其结构、相互作用、半球间和年际变化的动力学研究；2)利用SAAMER、BU全天成像仪和IAP Rayleigh激光雷达进一步量化小型GW的动量通量，探索GW源及其传播特性，研究GW二次发电的可能发展，以及平均风、潮汐和PWs的影响；3)进一步表征流星体数量、速度、轨迹、日变率、季节变率和全球变率，以及进入MLT的流星质量通量；4)流星头回波、非镜面轨迹和PMSE的常规测量，允许研究流星消融和PMSE微物理。

项目成果

Self‐Acceleration and Instability of Gravity Wave Packets: 3. Three‐Dimensional Packet Propagation, Secondary Gravity Waves, Momentum Transport, and Transient Mean Forcing in Tidal Winds

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jd030692
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres
• 作者: D. Fritts;W. Dong;T. Lund;Scott A. Wieland;B. Laughman

Mesospheric Mountain Wave Activity in the Lee of the Southern Andes

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd033268
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: P. Pautet;M. Taylor;D. Fritts;D. Janches;N. Kaifler;A. Dörnbrack;J. Hormaechea

Numerical simulation of mountain waves over the southern Andes, Part 2: Momentum fluxes and wave/mean-flow interactions

安第斯山脉南部山地波浪的数值模拟，第 2 部分：动量通量和波浪/平均流量相互作用

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-20-0207.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Fritts, David C.;Lund, Thomas S.;Wan, Kam;Liu, Han-Li
• 通讯作者: Liu, Han-Li

Observation of the A Carinid Meteor Shower 2020 Unexpected Outburst

2020 年卡琳流星雨意外爆发的观测

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abe9af
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: Bruzzone, Juan Sebastian;Weryk, Robert J.;Janches, Diego;Baumann, Carsten;Stober, Gunter;Hormaechea, Jose Luis
• 通讯作者: Hormaechea, Jose Luis

Wind Variations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Near 60°S Latitude During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028909
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Guiping Liu;D. Janches;R. Lieberman;T. Moffat‐Griffin;N. Mitchell;Jeong‐han Kim;Changsup Lee