Collaborative Research: Instabilities, Dynamics, and Energetics accompanying Atmospheric Layering (IDEAL)

合作研究：伴随大气分层的不稳定性、动力学和能量（IDEAL）

• 批准号: 1632772
• 负责人: David Fritts
• 金额: $ 47.75万
• 依托单位: GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1632772&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Instabilities; Dynamics; Energetics

The vertical structure of the free atmosphere under stable conditions from very low altitudes into the stratosphere and above is often characterized by thin, strongly stable, non-turbulent "sheets" separated by thicker, more weakly stratified, and often turbulent "layers". The occurrence and morphology of "sheet-and-layer" (S&L) structures in the free atmosphere are believed to be governed by larger-scale wind shears, gravity waves (GWs) at various frequencies, local S&L instability dynamics, turbulence and mixing, and their interactions.S&L structures have been known for several decades to play important roles in optical and radiowave propagation and in transport and mixing of heat, momentum, and constituents. There is also evidence that these small-scale flow features can have important implications for larger-scale dynamics, including instabilities and momentum transport accompanying GWs propagating to higher altitudes. However, little progress has been made in understanding the underlying dynamics or addressing the roles of instabilities and turbulence, the interactions among them, or the consequences of these flows for transport and mixing. In particular, the sources, morphologies, and statistics of intermittent turbulence events in stable stratification, and their dependence on environmental conditions remain to be defined observationally (e.g., instability character and statistics of S&L thicknesses, turbulence structure parameters and scales, and mechanical and thermal energy dissipation rates).Our lack of understanding of these dynamics to date can largely be attributed to observational and computational challenges in capturing the relevant atmospheric structures and dynamics with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. The research program IDEAL, Instabilities, Dynamics, and Energetics accompanying Atmospheric Layering will conduct ground-based and in-situ measurements and associated modeling combined to quantify these processes and provide key insights into S&L dynamics and effects throughout the stratified atmosphere. The IDEAL will perform measurements either at Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) in Utah or at Camp Guernsey Joint Training Center (CG) in Wyoming, where restricted airspace is already assured.Intellectual Merit:For the first time, the dynamics underlying ubiquitous S&L structures in the free troposphere will be observed with multiple, coordinated, high-resolution, in-situ sensors together with the integrated sounding radar profiler and radiosondes from ~50 m to 4 km. Guidance and interpretation of the observations will be aided by high-resolution DNS, enabling identification of key dynamics and evaluation of theories and models of stratified turbulence, mixing, and transport.Broader Impacts:A more quantitative understanding of S&L dynamics in the stably stratified atmosphere will contribute to parameterization of their implications for transport and mixing and improve predictive capabilities of relevance to many research communities. These include applications as diverse as pollution and fugitive emission impacts, micro-climate forecasting, and aviation safety. The project will train two graduate students in state-of-the-art studies in atmospheric science, aerospace engineering, and computational fluid dynamics. Measurement technologies and techniques developed in this work will benefit future field research campaigns and regulatory compliance mandates.

在稳定条件下，自由大气的垂直结构从非常低的高度进入平流层及以上的垂直结构通常以薄质，稳定，非腐烂的“床单”为特征，“床单”被较厚，较弱的分层且通常是湍流的“层”。自由大气中“板和层）结构的发生和形态被认为受各种频率的大规模风剪，重力波（GWS）的控制，局部S＆L的不稳定性动力学，湍流和混合及其相互作用的驱动器和混合且在较重要的范围内，并且在播放的混合中，并在播放中，并播放了重要的范围。动力和成分。也有证据表明，这些小规模的流量特征可能对大规模动态具有重要意义，包括不稳定性和伴随GWS传播到更高高度的动量运输。 但是，在理解潜在的动态或解决不稳定性和湍流的作用，它们之间的相互作用或这些流量的后果来解决运输和混合的后果方面，几乎没有取得进展。特别是，稳定分层中间歇性湍流事件的来源，形态和统计数据及其对环境条件的依赖性仍有待观察（例如，不稳定性和S＆L厚度的不稳定性和统计数据），湍流结构参数和范围，以及对这些驱动率和热量耗散率。通过足够的空间和时间分辨率捕获相关的大气结构和动力学。研究计划的理想，不稳定性，动力学和能量学伴随大气层分层将进行基于地面和原位测量以及相关的建模，以量化这些过程，并在整个分层大气中对S＆L动态和效果提供关键的见解。理想将在怀俄明州的杜格威（Dugway）宣告基地（DPG）或在怀俄明州的根西岛联合训练中心（CG）上进行测量，那里已经确保了限制空域的限制值得的优点：首次，在自由线圈中，与多个网流相同的无处不在的S＆L结构的动态将与多个网流相结合，并在多个网流中构想，并在多个网络上构想，并在多个网流中融为一体，并在多个网络上共同构成，并在多个网络上共同构成，并在多个网络上融合。雷达探测器和辐射仪从〜50 m至4 km。高分辨率DNS将有助于对观察的指导和解释，从而确定关键动力学以及对分层的湍流，混合和运输的理论和模型的评估。Broader的影响：对稳定分层氛围中对S＆L动态的更量化的理解将有助于其对运输和混合性的参数，从而有助于提高和混合性。这些应用包括污染和逃逸影响，微气候预测和航空安全等多样化的应用。该项目将在大气科学，航空工程和计算流体动力学方面的最先进研究中培训两名研究生。这项工作中开发的测量技术和技术将使未来的现场研究活动和法规合规性授权受益。

项目成果

Numerical Simulations of High‐Frequency Gravity Wave Propagation Through Fine Structures in the Mesosphere

• DOI: 10.1029/2018jd029746
• 发表时间: 2019-08
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Tyler S. Mixa;D. Fritts;T. Lund;B. Laughman;Ling Wang;L. Kantha

Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient M2 measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign

2015 年信乐无人机雷达实验活动期间中高层大气雷达和无人机测量的平方折射率梯度 M2 高分辨率剖面之间的比较

• DOI: 10.5194/angeo-35-423-2017
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Annales geophysicae
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Luce, H.

On the Performance of the Range Imaging Technique Estimated Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles During the ShUREX 2015 Campaign

关于 ShuUREX 2015 活动期间使用无人机估计的距离成像技术的性能

• DOI: 10.1109/tgrs.2017.2772351
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 8.2
• 作者: Luce, Hubert;Hashiguchi, Hiroyuki;Kantha, Lakshmi;Lawrence, Dale A.;Tsuda, Toshitaka;Mixa, Tyler;Yabuki, Masanori
• 通讯作者: Yabuki, Masanori