HBCU: EAGER: Racial Biases and Physiological Responses

本研究的目的是建立一个跨学科的模型，以了解非裔美国人中的群体内种族偏见，并提供一个解释黑人群体内种族警察的行为。该项目的具体目标是：（1）研究刑事司法专业学生是否具有负面的隐性或显性种族内偏见;（2）研究种族身份是否是一个减轻因素，可以减少显性和隐性种族偏见;（3）与白人相比，这些偏见是否会增加黑人枪杀无辜黑人的可能性; 4）检查未来执法者面对黑人嫌疑人时的生理反应。该项目有助于增进警察/公民互动这一重要领域的知识。这项研究将影响和挑战研究假设警察/非洲裔美国公民的互动是一个静态的现象。本研究采用问卷调查、内隐联想测验和生理反应等方法对群体内种族偏见进行了研究。核心假设是，黑人中隐性和显性种族偏见的增加了警察/非裔美国公民消极互动的可能性。描述黑人执法人员杀害其他黑人的研究几乎是不存在的，因此在我们对警察对待手无寸铁的非洲裔美国公民的充分理解方面造成了差距。目前研究的一个弱点是黑人受试者的样本量很小，无法对这一人群进行有效的推断。在方法上，PI采用实验研究设计，包括两组刑事司法学生参加了介绍刑事司法课程：（1）一组暴露于文化能力培训和（2）对照组不暴露于任何主题有关的种族。治疗组将使用种族创伤性应激事件（RTSE）进行启动，以探索与白人相比，这种暴露是否会减少与手无寸铁的黑人射击中的射击者偏见相关的错误。在实验前和实验后，将对每组进行基于种族（黑人和白人）的内隐联想测试。然后，两组都将接受为期一周的主动射击模拟训练。受试者将根据他们是否正确或错误地射杀了嫌疑人以及当他们面对一名黑人嫌疑人和一名白色嫌疑人时，使用皮肤电、呼吸、肌电图和心电图的生理反应是否存在差异来编码。这项研究的结果应该为警察的招募和与社区警务策略有关的政策提供信息。

General SummaryThe goal of this proposed research is to create an interdisciplinary model for understanding intragroup racial biases among African Americans and to offer an explanation for black intragroup-racial police behavior. The specific aims of the project are: (1) to examine whether criminal justice students possess negative implicit or explicit intra-racial biases;(2) examine whether the racial identity is a mitigating factor that may reduce explicit and implicit racial-bias; 3) whether these biases will increase the likelihood of blacks shooting innocent blacks when compared to whites; and 4) examine the physiological responses of future law enforcers when they confront black suspects. The project contributes to knowledge in the important area of police/citizen interactions. This research will influence and challenge research has posited police/African-American citizen interactions as a static phenomenon. This study uses survey research, implicit association tests and physiological responses to examine intragroup racial bias. The central hypothesis is that an increase in implicit and explicit racial biases among blacks increases the likelihood of negative police/African-American citizen interactions. Technical SummaryResearch describing black law enforcement officers who kill other blacks is almost non-existent, thus creating a gap in our full understanding of police treatment of unarmed African-American citizens. One of the weaknesses in the current research is the small sample of black subjects preclude the development of valid inferences about this population. Methodologically, the PIs employ an experimental research design that includes two groups of criminal justice students enrolled in an introduction to criminal justice course: (1) one group exposed to cultural competency training and (2) a control group not exposed to any topics related to race. The treatment group will be primed using a Racial Traumatic Stressful Event (RTSE) to explore whether such exposure will reduce the errors associated with shooter bias in the shooting of unarmed blacks when compared to whites. Each group will be administered an implicit association test based on race (blacks and whites) before the experiment and after the experiment. Both groups will then be trained for one week on active shooter simulation. Subjects will be coded based on whether they correctly or incorrectly shot a suspect and whether there was a difference in the two groups' physiological responses when they are confronted with a black suspect and a white suspect using electrodermal, respiratory, electromyography and electrocardiogram. Findings from this study should inform the recruitment of police and policies that relate to community policing tactics.