RAPID: Effects of a severe El Nino drought on survival, reproduction and population change across tropical songbird species that differ in average survival rates

快速：严重的厄尔尼诺干旱对平均存活率不同的热带鸣禽物种的生存、繁殖和种群变化的影响

• 批准号: 1651283
• 负责人: Thomas Martin
• 金额: $ 19.84万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-11-01 至 2018-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1651283&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Effects; severe; El; Nino

Extreme climatic events can be stressful on wildlife populations and have important implications for the conservation and management of rare species. The El Niño of 2015-2016 and associated drought in tropical regions was one of the most severe on record. Evolutionary theory predicts that species with long lifespans should reduce their reproduction in response to this type of severe drought more than shorter-lived species. However, this prediction has not been well-tested. Moreover, long-lived species may be at greater risk of extinction under extreme events, in part due to their lower reproduction under stressful conditions. This project leverages data from a long-term field study of tropical bird populations to examine the consequences of the 2015-2016 El Niño on bird survival and reproduction. Understanding the population consequences of extreme climate events is of increasing importance in the face of climate change. Droughts are expected to increase in frequency and intensity with global warming, and are part of El Niño cycles, with particularly strong expression in tropical regions. This project's timely field assessments of survival, reproduction and effects on population size due to this severe climate event will test theoretical predictions and advance understanding of climate stress on bird species and its role in conservation. Much theory has been devoted to predicting life history evolution and responses to extreme environmental events as a function of differential survival probabilities among species, although evidence testing that theory is minimal and conflicting. Ultimately, empirical tests and data are needed from species that experience the same extreme event and that differ in their average survival rates to allow resolution of alternative hypotheses and predictions. This project builds on prior studies conducted with songbirds occupying primary tropical forest at mid-elevations on Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The new studies will examine the consequences of an extreme climate event for reproductive effort, adult mortality, and population change in the next year for 18 bird species that differ in their average long-term survival probabilities. This work will provide critical tests of theory on life history evolution, population biology, and extinction risk across species that differ in their average adult survival rates, with broad implications for both basic and applied avian biology.

极端的气候事件可能会对野生动植物种群施加压力，并且对稀有物种的保护和管理具有重要意义。 2015 - 2016年的厄尔尼诺尼诺及热带地区的相关干旱是记录中最严重的之一。进化论预测，寿命长的物种应比寿命更短的物种减少对这种严重干旱的繁殖。但是，该预测尚未经过充分测试。此外，在极端事件下，长寿命的物种可能面临更大的延伸风险，部分原因是它们在压力条件下的繁殖较低。该项目利用热带鸟类种群的长期现场研究来研究2015 - 2016年厄尔尼诺现象对鸟类生存和繁殖的后果。在面对气候变化时，了解极端气候事件的人口后果的重要性越来越重要。预计干旱会随着全球变暖的频率和强度增加，并且是厄尔尼诺周期的一部分，在热带地区表达特别强烈。由于这一严重的气候事件，该项目对生存，繁殖以及对人口大小的影响的及时现场评估将测试理论预测并提高对气候压力对鸟类物种及其在保护中的作用的了解。尽管有证据表明理论是最小和冲突的，但许多理论一直致力于预测生命历史的演变和对极端环境事件的反应，这是物种之间差异生存可能性的函数。最终，从经历相同极端事件的物种中需要进行经验测试和数据，并且平均存活率不同以解决替代假设和预测。该项目基于先前的研究，该研究是在马来西亚沙巴山山山山上占据原发性热带森林的鸣禽进行的。新的研究将研究极端气候事件对繁殖努力，成人死亡率和人口变化的后果，对于18种鸟类，其平均长期生存可能性不同。这项工作将为生命历史的演变，种群生物学和扩展风险提供有关其平均成人生存率不同的理论检验，对基本和应用的禽类生物学都有广泛的影响。

项目成果

Direct fitness benefits and kinship of social foraging groups in an Old World tropical babbler

旧世界热带鹛鹛的直接健康益处和社会觅食群体的亲缘关系

• DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx196
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Behavioral Ecology
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Kaiser, Sara A;Martin, Thomas E;Oteyza, Juan C;Armstad, Connor;Fleischer, Robert C;Taborsky, Michael
• 通讯作者: Taborsky, Michael

Enclosed nests may provide greater thermal than nest predation benefits compared with open nests across latitudes

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12819
• 发表时间: 2017-06-01
• 期刊: FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Martin, Thomas E.;Boyce, Andy J.;Bin Soudi, Evertius E.
• 通讯作者: Bin Soudi, Evertius E.

Fitness Consequences of Interspecific Nesting Associations among Cavity-Nesting Birds

空巢鸟类种间筑巢关联的适应性后果

• DOI: 10.1086/698873
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: The American Naturalist
• 作者: Mouton, James C.;Martin, Thomas E.
• 通讯作者: Martin, Thomas E.