RAPID: Effects of a severe El Nino drought on survival, reproduction and population change across tropical songbird species that differ in average survival rates

快速：严重的厄尔尼诺干旱对平均存活率不同的热带鸣禽物种的生存、繁殖和种群变化的影响

• 批准号: 1651283
• 负责人: Thomas Martin
• 金额: $ 19.84万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-11-01 至 2018-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1651283&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Effects; severe; El; Nino

Extreme climatic events can be stressful on wildlife populations and have important implications for the conservation and management of rare species. The El Niño of 2015-2016 and associated drought in tropical regions was one of the most severe on record. Evolutionary theory predicts that species with long lifespans should reduce their reproduction in response to this type of severe drought more than shorter-lived species. However, this prediction has not been well-tested. Moreover, long-lived species may be at greater risk of extinction under extreme events, in part due to their lower reproduction under stressful conditions. This project leverages data from a long-term field study of tropical bird populations to examine the consequences of the 2015-2016 El Niño on bird survival and reproduction. Understanding the population consequences of extreme climate events is of increasing importance in the face of climate change. Droughts are expected to increase in frequency and intensity with global warming, and are part of El Niño cycles, with particularly strong expression in tropical regions. This project's timely field assessments of survival, reproduction and effects on population size due to this severe climate event will test theoretical predictions and advance understanding of climate stress on bird species and its role in conservation. Much theory has been devoted to predicting life history evolution and responses to extreme environmental events as a function of differential survival probabilities among species, although evidence testing that theory is minimal and conflicting. Ultimately, empirical tests and data are needed from species that experience the same extreme event and that differ in their average survival rates to allow resolution of alternative hypotheses and predictions. This project builds on prior studies conducted with songbirds occupying primary tropical forest at mid-elevations on Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The new studies will examine the consequences of an extreme climate event for reproductive effort, adult mortality, and population change in the next year for 18 bird species that differ in their average long-term survival probabilities. This work will provide critical tests of theory on life history evolution, population biology, and extinction risk across species that differ in their average adult survival rates, with broad implications for both basic and applied avian biology.

极端气候事件可能会给野生动物种群带来压力，并对稀有物种的保护和管理产生重要影响。 2015-2016 年的厄尔尼诺现象以及热带地区的相关干旱是有记录以来最严重的干旱之一。 进化理论预测，寿命长的物种应该比寿命短的物种更多地减少繁殖以应对这种类型的严重干旱。 然而，这一预测尚未得到充分检验。 此外，长寿物种在极端事件下可能面临更大的灭绝风险，部分原因是它们在压力条件下繁殖能力较低。 该项目利用热带鸟类种群长期实地研究的数据来研究 2015-2016 年厄尔尼诺现象对鸟类生存和繁殖的影响。 面对气候变化，了解极端气候事件对人口造成的后果变得越来越重要。 随着全球变暖，干旱的频率和强度预计将增加，并且是厄尔尼诺现象周期的一部分，在热带地区表现得尤其强烈。 该项目对这一严重气候事件导致的生存、繁殖和对种群规模的影响进行及时的现场评估，将检验理论预测并加深对气候压力对鸟类物种及其在保护中的作用的理解。 许多理论致力于预测生命史的进化和对极端环境事件的反应，作为物种之间差异生存概率的函数，尽管测试该理论的证据很少且相互矛盾。最终，需要来自经历相同极端事件且平均存活率不同的物种的经验测试和数据，以便解决替代假设和预测。 该项目建立在之前对马来西亚沙巴京那巴鲁山中海拔原始热带森林中的鸣禽进行的研究的基础上。 新研究将探讨极端气候事件对 18 种平均长期生存概率不同的鸟类明年的繁殖努力、成虫死亡率和种群变化的影响。这项工作将为平均成年存活率不同的物种的生命史进化、种群生物学和灭绝风险提供关键的理论测试，对基础和应用鸟类生物学具有广泛的影响。

项目成果

Direct fitness benefits and kinship of social foraging groups in an Old World tropical babbler

旧世界热带鹛鹛的直接健康益处和社会觅食群体的亲缘关系

• DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx196
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Behavioral Ecology
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Kaiser, Sara A;Martin, Thomas E;Oteyza, Juan C;Armstad, Connor;Fleischer, Robert C;Taborsky, Michael
• 通讯作者: Taborsky, Michael

Enclosed nests may provide greater thermal than nest predation benefits compared with open nests across latitudes

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12819
• 发表时间: 2017-06-01
• 期刊: FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Martin, Thomas E.;Boyce, Andy J.;Bin Soudi, Evertius E.
• 通讯作者: Bin Soudi, Evertius E.

Fitness Consequences of Interspecific Nesting Associations among Cavity-Nesting Birds

空巢鸟类种间筑巢关联的适应性后果

• DOI: 10.1086/698873
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: The American Naturalist
• 作者: Mouton, James C.;Martin, Thomas E.
• 通讯作者: Martin, Thomas E.