CAREER: Imaging the global patterns and drivers of the ocean's biological carbon pump

职业：想象海洋生物碳泵的全球模式和驱动因素

• 批准号: 1654663
• 负责人: Andrew McDonnell
• 金额: $ 75.32万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1654663&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Imaging; global; patterns; drivers

Microscopic plants and animals in the surface ocean remove the atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater by using it to make biological materials. After organisms die, some portion of this carbon sinks into the deep sea where it dissolves back into the water or lands on the seafloor. The Biological Carbon Pump is the name for this carbon transfer out of the sunlit surface ocean, and it is a very important process controlling the earth's carbon cycle and climate. Surprisingly, the size and rate of this transfer remains unclear because data for carbon in particles are not available for many times and places in the ocean. The researcher for this project plans to collect a remarkable new data set and examine it to answer major questions about the Biological Carbon Pump. The data will come from joining existing cruises on research ships sailing through all of the world's oceans, creating a systematic global survey of particles in the ocean. These data will be the heart of a new public database for use by other international researchers in their continued study of the Biological Carbon Pump. For this young researcher, the project will also lay the foundation for a career of integrated research, education, and outreach in oceanography. An Alaskan native will go to sea and analyze data, using these results to complete a Ph.D. degree. In addition, the project will design and produce a new aquarium exhibit at the Alaska SeaLife Center (ASLC) to educate the public about the complex workings and global importance of the Biological Carbon Pump. These activities should increase diversity in oceanography and inspire a new generation of scientists. Reliable and useful data on the Biological Carbon Pump is sparse, mostly due to the experimental, logistical, and technical challenges of studying a complex system over the great expanse of the global ocean. This project aims to tackle a fundamental and ongoing problem in studying the Biological Carbon Pump by providing a global and consistent dataset on particles and plankton in the ocean. In collaboration with the US Repeat Hydrography program, this project will use in situ imaging technology to determine the total abundance, size distribution, and functional groups of particles and mesozooplankton along seven global ocean transects. The design will test fundamental hypotheses related to the presence and nature of regional particle hotspots and examine the global patterns of zooplankton activity and vertical migration as they affect the biological pump. Links between satellite data, calculated flux patterns, attenuation of particles through the mesopelagic, and constraints on biogeochemical models will also be investigated.

海洋表层的微生物和动物利用大气中溶解在海水中的二氧化碳来制造生物材料。生物死后，其中一部分碳会沉入深海，在那里它会溶解回水中或落在海底。生物碳泵是指这种从阳光照射的海洋表面转移出来的碳，它是控制地球碳循环和气候的一个非常重要的过程。令人惊讶的是，这种转移的规模和速度仍然不清楚，因为在海洋中的许多时间和地点都无法获得颗粒中的碳的数据。该项目的研究人员计划收集一个引人注目的新数据集，并对其进行检查，以回答有关生物碳泵的主要问题。这些数据将来自于在世界所有海洋上航行的研究船的现有巡航，对海洋中的颗粒进行系统的全球调查。这些数据将成为一个新的公共数据库的核心，供其他国际研究人员继续研究生物碳泵时使用。对于这位年轻的研究人员来说，该项目也将为他在海洋学领域的综合研究、教育和推广奠定基础。一位阿拉斯加本地人将出海分析数据，利用这些结果完成博士学位。此外，该项目将在阿拉斯加海洋生物中心（ASLC）设计和制作一个新的水族馆展览，以教育公众关于生物碳泵的复杂工作原理和全球重要性。这些活动将增加海洋学的多样性，并激励新一代科学家。关于生物碳泵的可靠和有用的数据很少，主要是由于在广阔的全球海洋上研究一个复杂系统的实验、后勤和技术挑战。该项目旨在通过提供海洋中颗粒和浮游生物的全球一致数据集，解决研究生物碳泵的一个基本和持续的问题。该项目将与美国Repeat Hydrography项目合作，利用原位成像技术确定全球七个海洋样带的颗粒和中浮游动物的总丰度、大小分布和功能群。该设计将测试与区域颗粒热点的存在和性质有关的基本假设，并检查浮游动物活动和垂直迁移的全球模式，因为它们影响生物泵。还将研究卫星数据、计算通量模式、粒子通过中层的衰减以及生物地球化学模型的限制之间的联系。

项目成果

Global Distribution of Zooplankton Biomass Estimated by In Situ Imaging and Machine Learning

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.894372
• 发表时间: 2022-08-09
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Drago, Laetitia;Panaiotis, Thelma;Kiko, Rainer
• 通讯作者: Kiko, Rainer

Constraining the Particle Size Distribution of Large Marine Particles in the Global Ocean With In Situ Optical Observations and Supervised Learning

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gb007276
• 发表时间: 2022-05-01
• 期刊: GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Clements, D. J.;Yang, S.;Bianchi, D.
• 通讯作者: Bianchi, D.

A global marine particle size distribution dataset obtained with the Underwater Vision Profiler 5

使用 Underwater Vision Profiler 5 获得的全球海洋颗粒尺寸分布数据集

• DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Earth System Science Data
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Kiko, Rainer;Picheral, Marc;Antoine, David;Babin, Marcel;Berline, Léo;Biard, Tristan;Boss, Emmanuel;Brandt, Peter;Carlotti, Francois;Christiansen, Svenja
• 通讯作者: Christiansen, Svenja

The Role of Particle Size, Ballast, Temperature, and Oxygen in the Sinking Flux to the Deep Sea

• DOI: 10.1029/2017gb005710
• 发表时间: 2018-05-01
• 期刊: GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Cram, Jacob A.;Weber, Thomas;Deutsch, Curtis
• 通讯作者: Deutsch, Curtis