LTREB Renewal: Long Term Studies of Salt Marsh Primary Production

LTREB 更新：盐沼初级生产的长期研究

• 批准号: 1654853
• 负责人: James Morris
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: University of South Carolina at Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-03-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1654853&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; Renewal; Long; Term; Studies

Salt marshes are among the most productive environments on earth and they are highly valued because they provide food and nursery habitat for numerous species of commercial importance, they improve water quality, they buffer buildings and other infrastructure against coastal storms, and they create new land and habitat for wildlife. This project builds on decades of research in North Inlet estuary in South Carolina on the productivity of salt marsh cord grass that have led to new insights about the regulation of marsh productivity and the feedbacks that maintain salt marshes in equilibrium with sea level. This research is important because sea level is rising at an accelerating rate and threatens to drown these ecosystems. This project will employ a combination of experiments and field observations to understand how increasing cord grass root growth impacts the elevation of the marsh surface as sea level rises. Fertilizer additions will be used to increase root growth and test the hypothesis that this will allow the marsh surface to rise. These manipulations to simulate changing marsh elevations will provide a direct test of how relative elevation affects plant growth. This research will further development of an important management tool, the Marsh Equilibrium Model, for coastal resource managers.LTREB research at North Inlet has included monthly measurements on permanent plots of stem counts and heights of marsh cord grass (Spartina alterniflora) made since 1984 and supplemented by monthly measurements of porewater chemistry, snail density, and marsh surface elevation. A synthesis of these data has led to the development of a marsh equilibrium theory and the Marsh Equilibrium Model describing how feedbacks among plants, nutrients, tidal flooding, and sediments move a marsh toward an equilibrium with sea level. During the next five years this project will continue development of theory, continue collection of primary data, and conduct experimental manipulations to test the importance of plant roots and nutrients on marsh elevation. It is hypothesized that nutrient additions will increase the growth of roots and thereby raise the equilibrium marsh elevation. A resumption of nitrogen and phosphorus treatments in field plots, with before and after computed tomography scans of sediment cores, coupled with measurements of marsh surface elevation will test the effects of nutrients on the relative importance of belowground production and sediment trapping to vertical accretion. Bioassay experiments using marsh organs will directly test the productivity-elevation hypothesis and will be conducted in parallel with the field observations. The broader impacts of this project extend to the public through talks given about sea level rise and marshes to civic groups, discussions with policy makers, and participation in policy forums. Graduate student training and use of the long-term fertilization and census plots in the salt marsh at North Inlet by visiting scholars will be supported.

盐沼是地球上生产力最高的环境之一，它们非常有价值，因为它们为许多具有商业价值的物种提供了食物和苗圃栖息地，它们改善了水质，它们缓冲了建筑物和其他基础设施，使其免受沿海风暴的侵袭，它们为野生动物创造了新的土地和栖息地。该项目建立在南卡罗来纳州北海湾河口对盐沼绳草生产力的数十年研究的基础上，这些研究导致了对湿地生产力的调节和维持盐沼与海平面平衡的反馈的新见解。这项研究很重要，因为海平面正在加速上升，并有可能淹没这些生态系统。该项目将采用实验和实地观察相结合的方法，以了解随着海平面上升，绳草根生长增加如何影响沼泽表面的海拔。化肥的添加将被用来增加根的生长，并检验这将使沼泽表面上升的假设。这些模拟沼泽海拔变化的操作将直接测试相对海拔如何影响植物生长。这项研究将为沿海资源管理者进一步开发一个重要的管理工具--沼泽平衡模型。北水口的LTREB研究包括自1984年以来对互花米草(Spartina Terniflora)茎数量和高度的永久地块进行的每月测量，并补充了每月对孔隙水化学、钉螺密度和沼泽表面海拔的测量。这些数据的综合导致了沼泽平衡理论和沼泽平衡模型的发展，该模型描述了植物、营养物质、潮汐洪水和沉积物之间的反馈如何将沼泽推向与海平面的平衡。在接下来的五年里，该项目将继续发展理论，继续收集原始数据，并进行实验操作，以测试植物根系和营养物质对沼泽海拔的重要性。这是假设，营养添加将增加根的生长，从而提高平衡沼泽高程。恢复田间地块的氮磷处理，对沉积物岩心进行前后的计算机断层扫描，再加上沼泽表面高程的测量，将测试营养物质对地下生产和沉积物捕获对垂直吸积的相对重要性的影响。利用沼泽器官进行的生物测定实验将直接检验生产力-提高假说，并将与实地观察并行进行。该项目的更广泛影响通过向民间团体举办关于海平面上升和沼泽的演讲、与政策制定者的讨论以及参与政策论坛等方式扩展到公众。将支持访问学者对北湾盐沼长期化肥和普查地块的研究生培训和使用。

项目成果

Responses of Coastal Wetlands to Rising Sea-Level Revisited: The Importance of Organic Production

重新审视沿海湿地对海平面上升的反应：有机生产的重要性

• DOI: 10.1007/s12237-023-01313-8
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Estuaries and Coasts
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Morris, James T.;Sundberg, Karen
• 通讯作者: Sundberg, Karen

Porewater nutrient concentrations in control and fertilized plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC : 1993-2023

南卡罗来纳州乔治城北湾以互花米草为主的盐沼中对照地块和施肥地块的孔隙水养分浓度：1993-2023

• DOI: 10.6073/pasta/66fb380edae7eeb56c4ba710a3264d9f
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Environmental Data Initiative
• 作者: Morris, James;Sundberg, Karen
• 通讯作者: Sundberg, Karen

LTREB: Marsh elevation change in control and fertilized plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC: 1990-2022

LTREB：南卡罗来纳州乔治城北湾以互花米草为主的盐沼中对照地块和施肥地块的沼泽海拔变化：1990-2022 年

• DOI: 10.6073/pasta/3d24b636f3e15b1be4632be51989a8d4
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Environmental Data Initiative
• 作者: Morris, James;Sundberg, Karen
• 通讯作者: Sundberg, Karen

Tidal and Hurricane Impacts on Saltmarshes in the Northeastern Coastal and Barrier Network: Theory and Empirical Results

潮汐和飓风对东北沿海盐沼和屏障网络的影响：理论和经验结果

• DOI: 10.1007/s12237-020-00790-5
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Estuaries and Coasts
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Morris, James T.;Lynch, James;Renken, Katherine A.;Stevens, Sara;Tyrrell, Megan;Plaisted, Holly
• 通讯作者: Plaisted, Holly

LTREB: Aboveground biomass, plant density, annual aboveground productivity, plant heights and snail observations in control and fertilized plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC: 1984-2022

LTREB：南卡罗来纳州乔治城北湾以互花米草为主的盐沼对照地块和受精地块中的地上生物量、植物密度、地上年生产力、植物高度和蜗牛观察结果：1984-2022

• DOI: 10.6073/pasta/ee630f4d7d80dcbe2d73789ac73cf3d9
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Environmental Data Initiative
• 作者: Morris, James;Sundberg, Karen
• 通讯作者: Sundberg, Karen