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RUI, ABR: Olfactory Compensatory Plasticity

RUI，ABR：嗅觉补偿可塑性

基本信息

批准号：
1655113
负责人：
David Coppola
金额：
$ 45.22万
依托单位：
Randolph-Macon College
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-04-01 至 2023-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655113&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RUI ABR Olfactory Compensatory Plasticity

项目摘要

The ability of the nervous system to change in response to experience, i.e., to exhibit 'plasticity', is a long-standing topic of inquiry in neuroscience. In particular, the role of ongoing sensory stimulation for the normal development and maintenance of sensory systems is a perennial area of interest. Knowledge about these processes for the sense of smell lags behind the other senses, not least because of the difficulty in physically controlling an odor stimulus. This project advances our understanding of stimulus-induced changes olfactory processing and other mechanisms of smell, as well as sheds light on the tendency of physiological systems, like olfaction, to operate in a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, the process known as homeostasis. The olfactory periphery affords an excellent model where all components of a homeostatic system can be ascertained. Besides advancing our understanding of the sense of smell and sensory plasticity, the studies may suggest design elements for incorporation into chemical detection devices ('electronic noses') with applications in robotics, disease diagnosis, and bomb detection. Integrated with the research project is student-mentoring, participation-broadening, and public outreach through active involvement of undergraduates, including members of underrepresented groups, and the development of an exhibit at a local children's museum. These aspects of the project improve human resources in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, and, via the museum, may engage thousands of school students annually. This project addresses the universal problem of how our senses adjust to long-term changes in the stimulus environment. Such adaptability allows sensory systems to match the dynamic range of their receptors to the array of stimuli in the environment, which can vary dramatically in time and space. Little is known about the cellular mechanisms of these homeostasis-like processes. The Investigator and his colleagues have discovered a phenomenon in the olfactory periphery termed compensatory plasticity that has the signature of such a process. In the olfactory epithelium, odor deprivation causes an up-regulation of the transduction cascade and enhancement of physiological responses that seemingly compensate in low stimulus environments. The previous work allowed only binary control of the odor environment (i.e., deprivation or no deprivation). In the current project, the responses of the olfactory system to odor stimulation history is examined using olfactometric methods that allow broader control of odor environments, including the type, complexity, concentration, and timing of odor exposure. The dependent measures include transcriptomic, histological, physiological, and behavior endpoints, allowing a holistic analysis of compensatory plasticity that lays the groundwork for a mechanistic understanding of this process. Results from these studies advance our understanding of olfactory plasticity as well as illuminate mechanisms of neural plasticity and homeostasis

神经系统根据经验而改变的能力，即，表现出“可塑性”，是神经科学中一个长期存在的研究话题。特别是，持续的感觉刺激对感觉系统的正常发育和维持的作用是一个常年感兴趣的领域。关于嗅觉的这些过程的知识落后于其他感官，尤其是因为在身体上控制气味刺激的困难。该项目推进了我们对刺激引起的嗅觉加工和其他嗅觉机制变化的理解，并揭示了生理系统（如嗅觉）在相互依赖的元素之间相对稳定的平衡中运行的趋势，该过程被称为稳态。嗅觉周围提供了一个很好的模型，其中所有的组成部分，一个自我平衡系统可以确定。除了促进我们对嗅觉和感官可塑性的理解，这些研究还可能建议将设计元素纳入化学检测设备（“电子鼻”），并应用于机器人，疾病诊断和炸弹检测。与研究项目相结合的是学生辅导，参与扩大，并通过积极参与的本科生，包括代表性不足的群体的成员，并在当地儿童博物馆的展览发展公众宣传。该项目的这些方面改善了科学，技术，工程和数学方面的人力资源，并通过博物馆每年吸引数千名学生。这个项目解决了我们的感官如何适应刺激环境的长期变化的普遍问题。这种适应性允许感觉系统将其受体的动态范围与环境中的刺激阵列相匹配，这些刺激可以在时间和空间上发生显着变化。关于这些稳态样过程的细胞机制知之甚少。研究者和他的同事们发现了一种被称为补偿性可塑性的嗅觉外周现象，这种现象具有这种过程的特征。在嗅上皮中，气味剥夺引起转导级联的上调和生理反应的增强，这似乎是在低刺激环境中的补偿。先前的工作仅允许气味环境的二进制控制（即，剥夺或不剥夺）。在当前项目中，使用嗅觉测量方法检查嗅觉系统对气味刺激历史的反应，这些方法可以更广泛地控制气味环境，包括气味暴露的类型、复杂性、浓度和时间。依赖的措施包括转录组学，组织学，生理学和行为终点，允许补偿可塑性的整体分析，奠定了基础，这一过程的机械理解。这些研究结果促进了我们对嗅觉可塑性的理解，并阐明了神经可塑性和内稳态的机制